|
Variable
|
Total (n = 398), No. (%)
|
Phase 1 (n = 237), No. (%)
|
Phase 2 (n = 161), No. (%)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Negative blood culture
|
275 (69.1)
|
152 (64.1)
|
123 (76.4)
|
0.009
|
|
Detected organismsa
|
155 (38.9)
|
83 (36.4)
|
72 (50.3)
|
0.008
|
|
- Staphylococcal species
|
88 (22.1)
|
46 (35.7)
|
42 (50.0)
|
0.038
|
|
- Streptococci
|
36 (9.0)
|
26 (20.2)
|
10 (11.9)
|
0.116
|
|
- Enterococci
|
16 (4.0)
|
9 (3.8)
|
7 (4.3)
|
0.991
|
|
- Gram-negative bacilli
|
32 (8.0)
|
22 (17.1)
|
10 (11.9)
|
0.304
|
|
- Zoonosesb
|
21 (5.3)
|
18 (14.0)
|
3 (3.6)
|
0.009
|
|
- Fungal infectionc
|
32 (8.0)
|
17 (7.2)
|
15 (9.3)
|
0.440
|
|
Basis of choice of antibiotics
|
|
- Culture/Serology based
|
86 (21.6)
|
42 (17.7)
|
44 (27.3)
|
0.022
|
|
- Empirical
|
312 (78.4)
|
195 (82.3)
|
117 (72.7)
|
|
Therapeutic antibiotics usedd
|
(n = 1044)
|
(n = 610)
|
(n = 434)
| |
|
- Anti-Staphylococcale
|
228 (21.8)
|
120 (19.7)
|
108 (24.9)
|
0.045
|
|
- Aminoglycosides
|
310 (29.7)
|
162 (26.6)
|
148 (34.1)
|
0.009
|
|
- Quinolones
|
20 (1.9)
|
3 (0.5)
|
17 (3.9)
|
< 0.001
|
|
- B-lactam and Cephalosporins
|
338 (32.4)
|
233 (38.2)
|
105 (24.2)
|
< 0.001
|
- aOrganisms are detected by either blood culture, positive histology or positive serology
- bZoonotic infections included: Brucella, Bartonella, and Coxiella
- cFungal infections included: Aspergillus, Candida, Mucormycosis, and Penicillium
- dNumbers are calculated according to the total number of antibiotics used
- eAnti-Staphylococci included; Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Teicoplanin
