Table 4 Complications of IE
Variable | Total (n = 398), No. (%) | Phase 1 (n = 237), No. (%) | Phase 2 (n = 161), No. (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall complications | 157 (39.4) | 107 (45.1) | 50 (31.1) | 0.005 |
 - Heart failure | 148 (37.2) | 98 (41.4) | 50 (31.1) | 0.011 |
 - Severe sepsis | 100 (25.1) | 56 (23.6) | 44 (27.3) | 0.304 |
 - Renal failure (Creatinine > 2 mg/dl) | 82 (20.6) | 48 (20.2) | 34 (21.1) | 0.941 |
  • Need for dialysis | 18 (4.5) | 13 (5.5) | 5 (3.1) | 0.236 |
 - Acute mitral regurgitation | 37 (9.3) | 21 (8.9) | 16 (9.9) | 0.779 |
 - Papillary muscle rupture | 4 (1.0) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.2) | 0.545 |
 - Acute aortic regurgitation | 26 (6.5) | 14 (5.9) | 12 (7.5) | 0.585 |
 - Splenic infarction | 38 (9.5) | 18 (7.6) | 20 (12.4) | 0.123 |
 - Splenic abscess | 19 (4.8) | 7 (3.0) | 12 (7.5) | 0.044 |
 - Pulmonary infarction | 31 (7.8) | 10 (4.2) | 21 (13.0) | 0.001 |
 - Prosthesis-related complications | 33 (8.3) | 21 (8.9) | 12 (7.5) | 0.709 |
  • Dehiscence | 17 (4.3) | 12 (5.1) | 5 (3.1) |  |
  • Para-valvular leak | 10 (2.5) | 5 (2.1) | 5 (3.1) |  |
  • Stuck valve | 6 (1.5) | 4 (1.7) | 2 (1.2) |  |
 - Mycotic aneurysm | 24 (6.0) | 11 (4.6) | 13 (8.1) | 0.167 |
 - Intracranial hemorrhage | 26 (6.5) | 17 (7.4) | 9 (5.6) | 0.481 |
 - Peripheral embolization | 133 (33.4) | 78 (32.9) | 55 (34.2) | 0.941 |
  • CNS embolization | 50 (12.6) | 34 (14.3) | 16 (9.9) | 0.152 |
Outcomes | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 - Response to medical treatment | 185 (46.5) | 90 (38.0) | 95 (59.0) | < 0.001 |
 - Indication for surgery | 294 (73.9) | 180 (75.9) | 114 (70.8) | 0.252 |
  • Surgery performed | 176 (59.9) | 113 (62.8) | 63 (55.3) | 0.092 |
 - In-hospital mortality | 108 (27.1) | 76 (32.1) | 32 (19.9) | 0.007 |