Table 1 Clinical characteristics, investigations, and procedures in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Overall, n = 220 | |
Demographics | |
Male, % | 65.5 |
Age in years, min–max | 24.0–86.0 |
Age in years, mean ± SD. | 58.79 ± 14.36 |
Age in years, median | 61.50 |
Married, % | 68.2 |
Disabled for working, % | 67.3 |
Past medical history and risk factors | |
Heart failure, % | 50.9 |
Arterial hypertension, % | 48.2 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 42.7 |
Coronary artery disease, % | 28.2 |
Acute coronary syndrome, % | 17.3 |
PCI, % | 15.5 |
CABG, % | 2.7 |
RHD, % | 10.9 |
Valve repair or replacement, % | 4.5 |
Atrial fibrillation, % | 26.4 |
ICD, % | 0.0 |
CRT, % | 0.0 |
Cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack (TIA), % | 6.4 |
Peripheral arterial disease, % | 0.9 |
Bronchial asthma/COPD, % | 8.1 |
CKD, % | 10.9 |
CKD on dialysis, % | 1.8 |
Current/ex-smoker, % | 56.3 |
Alcohol, % | 0.0 |
Cancer chemotherapy, % | 6.4 |
Symptoms and vital data upon admission | |
Dyspnea, % | 96.4 |
NYHA III/IV, % | 90.6 |
PND/orthopnea, % | 76 |
Lower limb swelling, %g | 31.8 |
Palpitation, % | 9.1 |
Lightheadedness/syncope, % | 1.8 |
Chest pain, % | 20 |
SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 114.9 ± 33.45 |
SBP (mmHg), median | 110.0 |
DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 72.91 ± 19.79 |
DBP (mmHg), median | 70.0 |
HR (b/m), mean ± SD | 114.1 ± 23.94 |
HR(b/m), median | 110.0 |
Oxygen saturation at room air (%), median | 92.0 |
ECG findings | |
Atrial fibrillation/flutter, % | 35.5 |
Wide complex tachycardia, % | 4.5 |
Ventricular fibrillation, % | 4.5 |
LBBB, % | 11.8 |
Early or evolved ECG criteria of STMI, % | 17.3 |
Pathological Q waves, % | 21.8 |
QRS width (ms), mean ± SD. | 101.5 ± 20.64 |
QRS width (ms), median | 100.0 |
Transthoracic echocardiography | |
Patients with LVEF < 40%, % | 62.6 |
Severe mitral incompetence, % | 26.9 |
Coronary anatomy in 74 patients | |
Significant left main disease, % | 2.7 |
Significant single vessel disease, % | 27 |
Significant double vessel disease, % | 13.5 |
Significant three vessel disease, % | 43.2 |
Non-significant CAD, % | 2.7 |
Normal coronaries, % | 10.8 |
Procedures during admission (n = 220) | |
Coronary Reperfusion treatment, n (%) | 32 (14.5) |
Primary PCI strategy, n (%) | 12, (37.5) |
Pharmaco-invasive strategy, n (%) | 4 (12.5) |
Thrombolytic for STEMI, n (%) | 16, (50) |
Inotropic/vasopressor support, % | 34.5 |
Assisted non-invasive ventilation, % | 41.8 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation, % | 12.7 |
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia event, % | 7.3 |
Rise of serum creatinine > 0.3 mg/dl, % | 38.2 |
Renal replacement therapy, % | 1.8 |
Blood transfusion, % | 5.5 |
Primary etiology of HF (n = 220) | |
Ischemic heart disease, % | 58.1 |
Valvular heart disease, % | 16.3 |
Systemic hypertension related, % | 9.1 |
Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, % | 15.5 |
Others, % | 0.9 |
HF exacerbating factors (n = 220) | |
ACS, % | 25.5 |
STEMI, % | 17.3 |
NSTACS, % | 8.2 |
Uncontrolled HTN, % | 10.9 |
Infections, % | 28.1 |
COPD exacerbation, % | 1.8 |
Worsening renal function, % | 9.1 |
Arrhythmia, % | 11.8 |
Others, % | 10.9 |
Non-compliance to HF medicines in ADHF patients (n = 112), % | 19.6 |
Non-compliance to diet in ADHF patients (n = 112), % | 23.2 |
All-cause mortality and re-hospitalizations | |
In-hospital mortality, % | 18.2 |
30 days mortality, % | 20.7 |
90 days mortality, % | 26 |
30 days re-hospitalization, % | 10 |
90 days re-hospitalization, % | 28.6 |