Table 1 The summary of the pooled analysis of frequency of chest pain/chest tightness and palpitation as one of the initial manifestations, newly developed and pre-existing cardiovascular disease, and elevation of cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with COVID-19

 Chest pain/chest tightness

6

1599 (387)

21.8% (8.5%, 35.0%)

99%

<0.001

 Palpitation

2

362 (34)

9.1% (6.2%, 12.1%)

19%

<0.001

 Arrhythmia

4

444 (93)

26.1% (5.9%, 46.4%)

97%

<0.001

 Acute cardiac injury

16

2647 (671)

25.3% (19.5%, 31.1%)

93%

<0.001

 Heart failure

2

367 (87)

23.7% (19.3%, 28.0%)

0%

<0.001

 Hypertension

30

10898 (3165)

29.2% (24.7%, 33.6%)

96%

<0.001

 Cardiovascular diseases

27

7108 (699)

12.6% (10.0%, 15.2%)

95%

<0.001

 Diabetes

30

10806 (1158)

13.5% (11.5%, 15.4%)

89%

<0.001

 Heat failure

6

1774 (89)

6.5% (3.3%, 9.7)

95%

<0.001

 Interleukin- 6

3

574 (391)

65.9% (55.2%, 76.5%)

86%

<0.001

 CRP

12

3227 (2008)

75.4 % (66%, 84%)

99%

<0.001

 ESR

3

767 (547)

71.8% (59.0%, 84.6%)

92%

<0.001

 serum ferritin

3

538 (375)

70.3% (61.1%, 79.6%)

81%

0.006

 NT-pro BNP

7

1047 (311)

46.5% (28.9%, 64.2%)

98%

<0.001

 D-Dimer

8

4789 (2050)

41.5% (31.0%, 52.1%)

97%

<0.001

  Lactate dehydrogenase

9

2026 (774)

41.0% (28.8%, 53.2%)

97%

<0.001

 Cardiac Tn (I or T)

10

1718 (366)

25.3% (17.6%, 33.1%)

94%

<0.001

 myoglobin

5

1076 (176)

19.1% (11.6%, 26.6%)

91%

<0.001

 Creatine kinase

10

1617 (230)

15.9% (10.5%, 21.3%)

90%

<0.001

 Creatine kinase-MB

2

382 (302)

66.2% (6.9%-100.0%^a)

99%

<0.001

 TNF-α

2

275(472)

58.3% (53.8%-62.7%)

0%

0.7