Table 1 Demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and comorbidities

Number of patients

1645

914

249

409

73

 Age, mean (± SD)

60.1 (± 12.1)

62.3 (± 11.6)

56.2 (± 13.2)

59.9 (± 12.1)

51.2 (± 11.2)

< 0.0001

 Age ≥ 70, %

21.1

25.1

12.5

20.5

4.1

< 0.0001

 Females %

32.0

31.8

34.9

31.5

26.1

0.56

 BMI (kg/m²), median (IQR)

29.4 (26.5–33.2)

29.7 (26.6–34.2)

29.2 (26.1–33.20)

29.4 (27.1–32.3)

26.1 (24.3–29.1)

< 0.0001

 BMI ≥ 30, %

45.5

48.7

40.2

46.2

19.2

< 0.0001

 Smoker (current/ever), %

59.3

63.0

53.2

55.8

52.8

0.01

 Female smokers, %

8.3

8.83

0.4

0.0

0.19

< 0.0001

 Diabetes

44.2

48.6

45.6

35.5

34.3

< 0.0001

 Insulin-dependent diabetes (as % of all patients)

21.5

18.9

30.6

22.3

19.2

< 0.0001

 Hypertension, %

42.1

51.8

26.2

34.5

17.8

< 0.0001

 MI/angina, %

65.9

74.3

52.8

59.9

38.4

< 0.0001

 History of PCI, %

10.0

10.1

19.0

5.4

7.6

< 0.0001

 History of CABG, %

4.3

4.2

7.7

2.7

4.6

< 0.0001

 Atrial fibrillation, %

25.1

22.4

29.5

27.9

28.8

0.04

 PAD. %

5.1

6.5

4.4

2.2

6.9

0.01

 Stroke/TIA, %

7.5

8.1

8.9

4.7

11.0

0.06

 Chronic kidney disease, %

16.6

21.1

17.7

7.8

6.9

< 0.0001

 COPD, %

14.1

15.6

15.2

12.2

1.37

0.005

 Hepatic dysfunction, %

9.1

10.7

8.06

5.6

12.3

0.02

 Chronic hepatitis C, %

8.5

10.1

8.8

5.6

4.6

0.2

 Hemoglobin (g/dL) median, IQR

11.8 (10.3–13)

11.9 (10.3–13)

12.0 (10.5–13.2)

11.7 (10.5–13)

11.0 (10–12)

0.02

 Hemoglobin ≤ 12 g/dL, %

58.8

57.5

53.3

61.1

79.4

0.001