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The Egyptian Heart Journal

Table 2 Summarized data of patients’ characteristics [12–21]

From: Clinical outcome of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers in treatment of hypertensive patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Characteristics

Lee et al. (2020) [13]

Li et al. (2020) [12]

Mehra et al. (2020) [14]

Meng et al. (2020) [17]

Yang et al. (2020) [20]

ACEi/ ARB

Non-ACEi/ ARB

P value

ACEi/ ARB

Non-ACEi/ ARB

P value

ACEi/ ARB

Non-ACEi/ ARB

P value

ACEi/ ARB

Non-ACEi/ ARB

P value

ACEi/ARB

Non-ACEi/ ARB

P value

(n = 977)

(n = 7289)

(n = 115)

(n = 247)

(n = 1426)

(n = 920)

(n = 17)

(n = 25)

(n = 43)

(n = 83)

Median Agei (Range)

64

42

< 0.001*

65

67

0.22

49

n/a

64

65

0.91

65

67

0.122

(52–77)

(23–60)

(57–73)

(60–75)

(38–60)

(55–69)

(55–68)

(57–72)

(62–75)

Gender, female (%)

56.3

62.2

0.002*

40.9

51

0.56

40

n/a

47.1

40

0.9

50.6

51.2

0.952

Race, Asian (%)

100

100

> 0.99

100

100

> 0.99

19.3

n/a

100

100

> 0.99

100

100

> 0.99

Comorbidities

 Diabetes (%)

97.3

8.55

< 0.001*

36.5

34.4

0.7

14.3

n/a

5.8

20

< 0.001*

13

25

0.99

 CAD (%)

19.65

3.81

< 0.001*

23.5

14.2

0.03*

11.34

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

16.3

19.3

0.68

 Heart Failure (%)

4.2

0.59

< 0.001*

4.3

2

0.36

2.12

n/a

5.8

28

< 0.001*

 CKD (%)

4.2

0.59

< 0.001*

11.3

8.9

0.47

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

0

3.6

0.207

 Stroke (%)

12.3

1.59

< 0.001*

23.5

16.6

0.12

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

9.3

7.2

0.683

All-Cause Mortality (n)

50

62

0.81

21

56

0.34

54

130

< 0.001*

0

1

0.647

2

11

0.216

Hazard Ratioii (95% CI)

1.07 (0.68–1.68)

0.76 (0.44–1.33)

0.24 (0.17–0.33)

0.46 (0.018–12.14)

0.35 (0.08–1.51)

Characteristics

Zhang et al. (2020) [19]

Fosbol et al. (2020) [16]

Pan et al. (2020) [21]

Reynolds et al. (2020) [15]

Zhou et al. (2020) [18]

ACEi/ ARB

Non-ACEi/ ARB

P value

ACEi/ ARB

Non-ACEi/ ARB

P value

ACEi/ ARB

Non-ACEi/ ARB

P value

ACEi/ ARB

Non-ACEi/ ARB

P value

ACEi/ARB

Non-ACEi/ ARB

P value

(n = 174)

(n = 348)

(n = 895)

(n = 3385)

(n = 41)

(n = 241)

(n = 1019)

(n = 986)

(n = 15)

(n = 21)

Median Agei (Range)

64

64

> 0.2

73

50

n/a

70

69

0.889

64

n/a

58

69

0.001*

(56–68)

(56–69)

(61–81)

(37–64)

(63–76)

(62–76)

(54–75)

(48–68)

(62–76)

Gender, female (%)

46

43.4

0.052

44.9

53.9

n/a

61

57.3

0.105

49.2

n/a

40

52.4

0.516

Race, Asian (%)

100

100

> 0.99

< 12.5

< 15.2

n/a

100

100

> 0.99

7.5

n/a

100

100

> 0.99

Comorbidities

 Diabetes (%)

23

24.7

> 0.2

24.2

5.4

n/a

< 41.5

< 51

0.499

39.7

n/a

25

n/a

 CAD (%)

13.8

13.2

> 0.2

21.6

5.2

n/a

10.6

n/a

19.4

n/a

 Heart Failure (%)

n/a

n/a

n/a

14.6

3.1

n/a

16.1

n/a

 CKD (%)

4

3.2

> 0.2

7.5

2.9

n/a

25

n/a

n/a

n/a

 Stroke (%)

2.3

2.3

> 0.99

19.4

6.4

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

All-Cause Mortality (n)

7

92

0.02*

161

36

0.83

4

63

0.037*

252

249

0.78

2

5

0.162

Hazard Ratioii (95% CI)

0.34 (0.14–0.83)

0.94 (0.65–1.37)

0.31 (0.1–0.89)

0.97 (0.79–1.19)

0.14 (0.009–2.2)

  1. iAge is calculated as unit of year. Asterisked p values (*) indicate statistically significant data. Mean difference of age is calculated via independent T test; other characteristics are calculated via Chi-square test
  2. iiHazard ratio < 1 shows risk reduction of all-cause mortality in the ACEi/ARB-treated group
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