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Table 4 Comparison between the three studied groups according to risk factors

From: Predictors of pacing induced left ventricular dysfunction and cardiomyopathy assessed by three-dimensional echocardiography and speckle tracking strain

Predisposing

factors

No decline in LVEF

(n = 25)

Decline in LVEF

χ2

MCp

PIVD

(n = 19)

PICMP(n = 6)

 

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

Age (years)

67.20 ± 18.54

57.11 ± 14.77

65.17 ± 10.94

  

Mean ± SD

5.565

0.062

Sex

 Male

14

56.0

9

47.4

4

66.7

0.790

0.786

 Female

11

44.0

10

52.6

2

33.3

  

DM

7

28.0

3

15.8

3

50.0

2.858

0.231

HTN

14

56.0

4

21.1

3

50.0

5.650

0.060

Device type

 VVI

15

60.0

10

52.6

2

33.3

1.410

0.517

 DDD

10

40.0

9

47.4

4

66.7

  

Lead site

 RVA

22

88.0

17

89.5

5

83.3

0.592

1.000

 RVS

3

12.0

2

10.5

1

16.7

  

Pre-existing BBB

 No BBB

15

60.0

7

36.8

0

0.0

  

 RBBB

7

28.0

8

42.1

4

66.7

8.244

0.063

 LBBB

3

12.0

4

21.1

2

33.3

  

QRS Axis

 N

4

16.0

3

15.8

1

16.7

  

 LF

20

80.0

13

68.4

5

83.3

3.566

0.881

 RT

1

4.0

3

12.0

0

0.0

  

QRS width

Pre-pacing

     

 Mean ± SD

104.6 ± 27.99

125.0 ± 32.53

141.7 ± 29.94

7.848*

0.020*

Post-pacing

     

 Mean ± SD

148.6 ± 22.98

154.2 ± 19.46

156.7 ± 26.58

0.660

0.719

VP%

7 days

     

 Mean ± SD

83.40 ± 24.47

81.57 ± 28.32

97.0 ± 7.35

4.136

0.126

6 months

     

 Mean ± SD

86.80 ± 23.09

89.11 ± 19.99

100.0 ± 0.0

3.848

0.146

Pacing threshold

7 days

     

 Mean ± SD

0.57 ± 0.20

0.61 ± 0.41

0.46 ± 0.10

1.627

0.443

6 months

     

 Mean ± SD

0.85 ± 0.49

0.92 ± 0.62

0.83 ± 0.26

0.184

0.912