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The Egyptian Heart Journal

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients admitted with heart failure

From: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted with acute heart failure: insights from a single-center heart failure registry in South India

Variables

Total

n=449

HFrEF

n=296 (65.9%)

HFmrEF

n=90 (20%)

HFpEF

n=63 (14.03%)

p value

Age

59.9±13.3

59.1±13.6

61.2±11.7

61.3±13.5

0.212

Sex

Male

296 (65.9)

212 (71.62)

55 (61.1)

29 (46.0)

0.000

Female

153 (34.0)

84 (28.3)

35 (38.8)

34 (53.9)

0.000

Co morbidities

Diabetes

259 (57.6)

186 (62.8)

51 (56.6)

22 (34.9)

0.000

Hypertension

233 (51.8)

158 (53.3)

45 (50)

30 (47.6)

0.694

Obesity

32 (28.5)

24 (8.1)

4 (4.4)

4 (6.3)

0.482

CKD

60 (13.3)

44 (14.8)

12 (13.3)

4 (6.3)

0.212

COPD

35 (7.7)

26 (8.7)

5 (5.5)

4 (6.3)

0.547

CAD

236 (52.5)

180 (60.8)

46 (51.1)

10 (15.8)

0.000

Hepatic dysfunction

50 (11.1)

43 (14.5)

6 (6.66)

1 (1.5)

0.004

Past medical history

PCI

37 (8.2)

30 (10.1)

6 (6.6)

1 (1.5)

0.068

CABG

26 (5.7)

21 (7.0)

4 (4.4)

1 (1.5)

0.197

Valve procedures

19 (4.2)

4 (1.3)

4 (4.4)

11 (17.4)

0.000

CRT/ICD

9 (2)

7 (2.3)

1 (1.1)

1 (1.5)

0.736

H/o hospitalization for HF

79 (17.5)

59 (19.9)

11 (12.2)

9 (14.2)

0.264

Presentation

Acute denovo HF

301 (67)

170 (57.4)

72 (80)

59 (93.6)

0.000

Acute decompensated HF

148 (32.9)

126 (42.5)

18 (20)

4 (6.3)

0.000

Presentation

Acute denovo HF

301 (67)

170 (57.4)

72 (80)

59 (93.6)

0.000

Acute decompensated HF

148 (32.9)

126 (42.5)

18 (20)

4 (6.3)

0.000

Presenting symptoms

Pulmonary congestion

416 (92.6)

283 (95.6)

81 (90)

52 (82.5)

0.000

Angina

48 (10.6)

34 (11.4)

8 (8.8)

6 (9.5)

0.745

Syncope/presyncope

4 (0.8)

2 (0.6)

0

2 (3.1)

0.096

Palpitation

73 (16.2)

48 (16.2)

13 (14.4)

12 (19.0)

0.751

Pedal edema

362 (80.6)

253 (85.4)

68 (75.5)

41 (65.0)

0.001

Weight gain

290 (64.5)

241 (81.4)

30 (33.3)

19 (3.0)

0.005

Vitals

Heart rate# (bpm)

94.7±22.8

95.9±22.1

96±23.8

88.2±24.3

0.041

SBP# (mmHg)

121.17±25.1

119.3±25.2

126±24.3

124.8±25.4

0.079

Increased JVP

334 (74.3)

241 (81.4)

57 (63.3)

36 (57.1)

0.000

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Left bundle branch block

43 (9.5)

31 (10.4)

8 (8.8)

4 (6.3)

0.579

Sinus rhythm

362 (80.6)

255 (86.1)

65 (72.2)

42 (66.6)

0.000

ECHO

     

Ejection Fraction

37.8 ±10.6

32.02±5.9

43.3±2.9

57.7±5.3

0.000

Grade I diastolic dysfunction

44 (9.7)

19 (6.4)

12 (13.3)

13 (20.6)

0.000

Grade II diastolic dysfunction

71 (1.5)

49 (16.5)

11 (12.2)

11 (17.4)

0.000

Grade III diastolic dysfunction

149 (33.1)

116 (39.1)

23 (25.5)

10 (15.8)

0.000

Left ventricular hypertrophy

11 (2.4)

8 (2.7)

1 (1.1)

2 (3.1)

0.642

Right ventricular dysfunction

15 (3.3)

6 (2.0)

3 (3.3)

6 (9.5)

0.011

Mitral regurgitation

289 (64.3)

209 (70.6)

50 (55.5)

30 (47.6)

0.000

Tricuspid regurgitation

115 (25.6)

85 (28.7)

23 (25.5)

7 (11.1)

0.013

RVSP

50.8 ±15.1

50.1±12.8

51.2±15.3

53.7±23.1

0.464

Pericardial effusion

93 (20.7)

67 (22.6)

20 (22.2)

6 (9.5)

0.000

Laboratory values

     

Haemoglobin# (g/dL)

12.03 ±2.2

12.2±2.0

11.5±2.5

11.5±2.4

0.015

 - Male (<13g/dl)

144 (32)

100 (33.7)

27 (30)

17 (27)

0.518

 - Female (<12g/dl)

43 (9.5)

4 (1.3)

23 (25.5)

16 (25.3)

0.000

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

     

 - Admission

61.9±32

59.8±30.8

60.5±30.9

73.6±36.4

0.008

 - Peak

55.5±29.4

53.5±28.2

53.5±28.8

67.2±33.3

0.003

 - Discharge

62.±34.8

60.6±35.2

60±32.6

71.2±34.9

0.080

Renal dysfunction

     

 - Male (Cr >1.4mg/dl)

89 (19.8)

68 (22.9)

15 (16.6)

6 (9.5)

0.036

 - Female (Cr >1.2mg/dl)

46 (10.2)

28 (9.4)

12 (13.3)

6 (9.5)

0.559

NT-proBNP

8020±9835

7467.7±8381[45]

13662 ±1431 0[10]

3788±4810. 6[11]

0.004

Hyponatremia

10 (2.2)

8 (2.7)

2 (2.22)

0

0.420

Hypokalemia

92 (20.4)

70 (23.6)

10 (11.1)

12 (19.0)

0.034

Hyperkalemia

34 (7.5)

21 (7.0)

9 (10)

4 (6.3)

0.416

Etiology

     

IHD

215(47.8)

173 (58.4)

29 (32.2)

13 (20.6)

0.951

Non ischemic

171(38)

135 (45.6)

15 (16.6)

21 (33.3)

0.000

Clinical phenotype

     

Warm & dry

32 (7.1)

9 (3.0)

3 (3.3)

20 (31.7)

0.000

Warm & wet

388 (86.4)

259 (87.5)

86 (95.5)

43 (6.8)

0.000

Cold & dry

1 (0.2)

1 (0.3)

0

0

0.773

Cold & wet

28 (7.4)

27 (9.1)

1 (1.1)

0

0.002

Interventions

     

PCI

9 (2.0)

8 (2.7)

0

1 (1.5)

0.270

CABG

8 (1.7)

5 (1.6)

2 (2.22)

1 (1.5)

0.938

IABP

2 (0.4)

2 (0.6)

0

0

0.597

ICD

1 (0.2)

1 (0.3)

0

0

0.773

CRT

2 (0.4)

2 (0.6)

0

0

0.597

PPI

5 (1.1)

2 (0.6)

2 (2.22)

1 (1.5)

0.000

  1. CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CAD coronary artery disease, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CRT cardiaresynchronization therapy, ICDimplantable cardioverter defibrillator, HF heart failure, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, JVP jugular venous pressure, RVSP right ventricular systolic pressure, NTproBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, IHD ischemic heart disease, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, IABP intra-aortic balloon pump, ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator, CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy, PPI permanent pace-maker implantation, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
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