Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the studies
Study | Country | Enrolment period | Data source | Drugs | Participants | CHA2DS2VASc | HASBLED | Follow-up | Primary statistical method | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adeboyeje G, 2017 [24] | USA | November 2009 to January 2016 | HealthCore Integrated Research Environment | A/D/R/W | 44057 | 3.3 (mean) | 2.1 (mean) | 139–285 days (median) | PSW | 7 |
Amin A, 2017 [25] | USA | January 2012 to December 2014 | Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services | A/D/R/W | 180020 | 4.4–4.7 (mean) | 3.1–3.3 (mean) | 196.1–203.8 days (median) | PSM | 7 |
Bang OY, 2020 [26] | South Korea | January 2015 and November 2016 | Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database | A/D/R/W | 48389 | 4.4–4.52 (mean) | 3.5–3.54 (mean) | 105–175 days (median) | PSW | 8 |
Cha MJ, 2017 [27] | South Korea | January 2014 to December 2015 | Korean National Health Insurance Service Database | A/D/R/W | 34833 | 3.51–3.6 (mean) | NA | 1.2 years (mean) | PSM | 8 |
Chan YH, 2018 [28] | Taiwan | June 2012 to December 2016 | Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database | A/D/R/W | 73074 | 3.26–3.89 (mean) | 2.64–2.97 (mean) | 0.76–1.47 years (mean) | PSW | 7 |
Chan YH, 2019 [29] | Taiwan | June 2012 to December 2017 | Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database | A/D/E/R/W | 89683 | 3.6 (mean) | 2.6–2.7 (mean) | 16 months | PSW | 8 |
Cho MS, 2019 [30] | Korea | July 2015 to December 2016 | Korean National Health Insurance Service Database | A/D/R/W | 56504 | 3.5–3.7 (mean) | 2.5–2.6 (mean) | 15 months (median) | PSW | 8 |
Coleman CI, 2017 [31] | USA | January 2012 to June 2015 | Truven MarketScan | A/D/R/W | 9684 | 5 (median) | 3–4 (median) | 0.5–0.6 years (mean) | PSM | 8 |
Costa OS, 2020 [32] | USA | November 2010 to 30 September 2018 | Optum Research Database | R/W | 71226 | 3 (median) | 2 (median) | 2 years (median) | PSM | 8 |
Deitelzweig S, 2017 [33] | USA | January 2013 to September 2015 | Humana Research Database | A/D/R/W | 32488 | 4.3–4.6 (mean) | 2.9–3.1 (mean) | 6.4–7.1 months (mean) | PSM | 7 |
Graham DJ, 2015 [34] | USA | October 2010 to December 2012 | Medicare | D/W | 134414 | NA | NA | 180 days | PSM | 8 |
Graham DJ, 2019 [35] | USA | October 2010 to September 2015 | Medicare | A/D/R/W | 448586 | NA | NA | 300 days | PSM | 8 |
Halvorsen S, 2017 [36] | Norway | January 2013 to June 2015 | Norwegian Patient Registry Norwegian Prescription Database | A/D/R/W | 32675 | 2.46–3.09 (mean) | NA | 143–212 days (median) | Cox proportional hazard model | 7 |
Hernandez I, 2015 [37] | USA | October 2010 to October 2011 | Medicare | D/W | 9404 | NA | NA | 177 days (mean) | PSW | 8 |
Hsu CC, 2018 [38] | Taiwan | January 1999 to December 2015 | Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database | D/R/W | 1211 | NA | NA | 1.7 years (median) | PSW | 7 |
Huybrechts KF, 2020 [39] | USA | October 2010 to September 2015 | IBM MarketScan Medicare Optum Research Database | A/D/R/W | 169112 | 3.01–3.05 (mean) | 2.25–2.26 (mean) | 1 year | PSM | 8 |
Kjerpeseth LJ, 2019 [40] | Norway | July 2013 to December 2015 | Norwegian Prescription Database Norwegian Patient Registry Norwegian Cause of Death Registry National Registry | A/D/R/W | 30820 | 2.9–3.5 (mean) | 2.2–2.6 (mean) | 365 days | Cox proportional hazard model | 7 |
Kohsaka S, 2020 [41] | Japan | March 2011 to July 2018 | Japanese Administrative Claims | A/D/E/R/W | 73989 | 3.8 (mean) | NA | 2 years | PSM | 8 |
Larsen TB, 2016 [42] | Denmark | August 2011 to October 2015 | Danish National Prescription Registry Danish National Patient Register Danish Civil Registration System | A/D/R/W | 61678 | 2.7 (mean) | 2.2 (mean) | 1.9 years (mean) | PSW | 8 |
Lauffenburger JC, 2015 [43] | USA | October 2010 to December 2012 | Truven Health MarketScan Medicare | D/W | 64935 | 2.3–2.9 (mean) | NA | 358 days (mean) | PSW | 8 |
Lee SR, 2018 [44] | South Korea | January 2014 to December 2016 | National Health Insurance Service Database | E/W | 16244 | 3.22–3.25 (mean) | NA | 0.3 to 0.9 years (median) | PSM | 9 |
Lee SR, 2019 (1) [45] | South Korea | January 2014 to December 2016 | National Health Insurance Service Database | A/D/E/R/W | 24974 | 3 (mean) | NA | 1.2 years (median) | PSW | 9 |
Lee SR, 2019 (2) [46] | South Korea | January 2015 to December 2017 | National Health Insurance Service Database | A/D/E/R/W | 116804 | 3.54–3.6 (mean) | 2.69–2.71 (mean) | 1 year | PSW | 9 |
Li X, 2017 [47] | USA | January 2012 to September 2015 | Truven MarketScan IMS PharMetrics Plus Database Optum Clinformatics Data Mart Humana Research Database | A/W | 76940 | 3.2 (mean) | 2.6 (mean) | 179.2–199.9 days (mean) | PSM | 8 |
Lip YH, 2016 (1) [48] | USA | January 2013 to December 2013 | Truven MarketScan Medicare | A/D/R/W | 29338 | 2.58–3.22 (mean) | NA | 90.37–127.55 days (median) | Cox proportional hazard model | 7 |
Lip YH, 2016 (2) [49] | USA | January 2012 to December 2014 | Truven MarketScan Medicare | A/D/R/W | 45361 | 2.6–3 (mean) | 2–2.2 (mean) | 148.1–178.1 days (median) | PSM | 7 |
Maura G, 2015 [50] | France | July 2011 to November 2012 | French National Health Insurance Information System French Hospital Discharge Database | D/R/W | 32807 | 2.4–3.6 (mean) | 2–2.4 (mean) | 80–87 days (median) | PSM | 9 |
Mitsuntisuk P, 2020 [51] | Thailand | January 2012 to April 2018 | 9 Hospitals in Thailand | A/D/R/W | 2055 | 3.25–3.86 (mean) | 1.27–1.65 (mean) | 1.9–2.82 years (mean) | PSW | 8 |
Nielsen PB, 2017 [52] | Denmark | August 2011 to February 2016 | Danish National Prescription Registry Danish Civil Registration System Danish National Patient Register | A/D/R/W | 55644 | 3.3 (mean) | 2.4 (mean) | 2.5 years | PSW | 8 |
Rutherford OCW, 2020 [53] | Norway | January 2013 to December 2017 | The Norwegian Patient Registry The Norwegian Prescription Database | A/D/R/W | 65563 | 2.93–3.23 (mean) | 2.25–2.43 (mean) | 12 months | PSM | 8 |
Staerk L, 2017 [54] | Denmark | August 2011 to December 2015 | Danish National Prescription Registry Danish Civil Registration System Danish National Patient Register | A/D/R/W | 43299 | 2–2.2 (mean) | 2.7–3.11 (mean) | 204–386 days (median) | Cox proportional hazard model | 7 |
Villines TC, 2015 [55] | USA | October 2009 to July 2013 | Department of Defense Database | D/W | 25586 | 3.4 (mean) | 3.9 (mean) | 217.2–297.3 days (mean) | PSM | 7 |
Yao X, 2016 [56] | UA | October 2010 to June 2015 | OptumLabs Data Warehouse | A/D/R/W | 76354 | 3–4 (median) | 2 (median) | 6 months | PSM | 7 |
Yu HT, 2018 [57] | Korea | January 2016 to December 2016 | National Health Insurance Service | E/W | 9537 | 4.2 (mean) | NA | 5 months (median) | PSM | 8 |