Table 3 Bivariate analysis of the cardiac surgical patients dichotomized aortic cross-clamp time (N = 609)
Aortic cross-clamp time | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
< 51 min | ≥ 51 min | ||
n = 356 | n = 253 | ||
Sex | |||
Female | 60 (16.9%) | 49 (19.4%) | 0.425 |
Male | 296 (83.1%) | 204 (80.6%) | |
Age (years), mean (± SD) | 55.22 (± 12.10) | 56.20 (± 12.68) | 0.335 |
Age group | |||
Age ≤ 65 years | 309 (86.8%) | 203 (80.2%) | 0.029 |
Age ≥ 66 years | 47 (13.2%) | 50 (19.8%) | |
Body Mass Index score, mean (SD) | 26.63 (± 3.94) | 27.17 (± 4.10) | 0.107 |
Body Mass Index score classification | |||
Underweight | 4 (1.1%) | 0 | 0.046 |
Normal | 100 (28.1%) | 51 (20.2%) | |
Pre-obesity | 194 (54.5%) | 153 (60.5%) | |
Class I obesity | 42 (11.8%) | 32 (12.6%) | |
Class II obesity | 11 (3.1%) | 14 (5.5%) | |
Class III obesity | 5 (1.4%) | 3 (1.2%) | |
Smoking habit | |||
No | 262 (73.6%) | 157 (62.1%) | 0.002 |
Yes | 94 (26.4%) | 96 (37.9%) | |
Comorbid | |||
No | 155 (73.5%) | 103 (40.7%) | 0.486 |
Yes | 201 (56.5%) | 15 (59.3%) | |
Comorbidity type = 351 | |||
Left ventricular impairment | 57 (16%) | 49 (19.4%) | 0.282 |
CVA | 6 (1.7%) | 5 (2%) | 0.791 |
Hypertension | 130 (36.5%) | 106 (41.9%) | 0.179 |
Diabetes mellitus | 60 (16.9%) | 42 (16.6%) | 0.922 |
Obesity | 58 (16.3%) | 49 (19.4%) | 0.326 |
Respiratory illness | 28 (7.9%) | 15 (5.9%) | 0.358 |
EUROSCORE, mean (SD) | 0.96 (± 0.82) | 1.10 (± 0.75) | 0.075 |
Type of underwent cardiac surgery | |||
Coronary artery bypass grafting—CABG | 316 (88.8%) | 215 (85%) | 0.169 |
Aortic valve replacement—AVR | 25 (7%) | 27 (10.7%) | 0.112 |
Mitral valve replacement—MVR | 15 (4.2%) | 11 (4.3%) | 0.936 |
Total cardiac surgical time (min), mean (± SD) | 239.53 (± 35.54) | 287 (± 44.27) | < 0.001 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min), mean (SD) | 102.94 (± 20.64) | 253 (± 19.16) | < 0.001 |
Mean body temperature during the cardiac operation, mean (± SD) degrees Celsius | 33.80 (± 15.9) | 32.51 (± 1.11) | 0.197 |
Total ICU Blood Loss (cc) first 24 h, mean (SD) | 441.22 (± 136.8) | 581 (± 171.5) | < 0.001 |
Required inotropic support | |||
No | 334 (93.8%) | 158 (62.5%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 22 (6.2%) | 95 (37.5%) | |
Required intra-aortic balloon pump therapy | |||
No | 334 (93.8%) | 158 (62.5%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 22 (6.2%) | 95 (37.6%) | |
Intensive care unit length of stay days, mean (SD) | 1.21 (± 0.52) | 2.26 (± 2.26) | < 0.001 |