Table 1 Evidence of inhaled prostacyclin analogues for CARDS

Filippini et al. [31]

Case report (1)

Iloprost

Improved SpO₂, PO₂/FiO₂, and HRCT findings

DeGrado et al. [26]

Retrospective observational (38)

Epoprostenol or nitric oxide

No significant improvement in oxygenation metrics

Sonti et al. [27]

Retrospective observational (80)

Epoprostenol

Fifty percent of patients have a clinically significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after the initiation of epoprostenol

Li et al. [28]

Retrospective observational (43)

Epoprostenol (some with PP)

The combination of inhaled epoprostenol and PP improved oxygenation compared to epoprostenol or PP individually

Franco et al. [29]

Randomized controlled trial (actual 11)

Epoprostenol

Respiratory and cardiac/circulatory failure, oxygenation, time to extubation, ICU days, and hospital days (ongoing)

Kharma et al. [30]

Randomized controlled trial (estimated 40)

Iloprost

Oxygenation parameters, rates of intubation, ventilation duration, ICU and hospital LOS, rates of proning, ECMO, and mortality (ongoing)