Table 1 Patient characteristics
| Study | Country | Group | Population | Mean follow-up, years (SD) | Age (years) | Female (%) |
HTN, n (%) |
HF, n (%) |
DM, n (%) |
CAD, n (%) | COPD, n (%) | AF, n (%) | Mean C2HEST |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guo et al. [30] | China | HHS |
209,274 GP | NA | 34 ± 11.30 | 10.6% | 31,987 (15.28%) | 3286 (1.57%) | 7620 (3.64%) | 6146 (2.94%) | 68,335 (32.66%) | 491 (0.23) | 1 ± 0.47 |
| Hu and Lin [24] | Taiwan | National cohort |
692,691 GP | 10.9 ± 2.74 | 41.3 ± 16.3 | 49.4% |
99,794 (14.4%) | 4120 (0.59%) | NA |
43,301 (6.25%) |
25,379 (3.66%) |
209 (0.03) | 0.32 ± 0.79 |
| Khurshid et al. [26] | USA | EHR-AF |
4,508,180 GP | 3.1 9 ± 1.98 | 62.5 ± 10.9 | 56.3% |
2,375,811 (52.7%) |
166,803 (3.7%) |
978,275 (21.7%) |
545,490 (12.1%) | NA |
283,783 (6.3) | NA |
| Liag et al. [29] | China | TOPCAT |
2202 CD | 3.89 ± 0.98 | 67.01 ± 9.44 | 54.7% |
2024 (91.9%) | NA |
752 (34.2%) | NA |
231 (10.5%) |
130 (5.9) | NA |
| Lip et al. [16] | Denmark | Danish Cohort Study |
2,499,235 CD | 4.92 ± 1.18 | 65.08 ± 10.2 | 52.9% |
611,117 (24.45%) |
103,769 (4.15%) |
142,507 (5.70%) |
229,054 (9.16%) |
108,692 (4.35%) |
132,012 (5.2) | 1.16 ± 1.01 |
| Hu and Lin [27] | Taiwan | NHIRD |
4601 CD | 10.9 ± 2.74 | 62.6 ± 14.3 | 50.2% | 4174 (90.7%) | 1029 (22.4%) | 2351 (51.1%) |
2082 (45.3%) |
874 (19.0%) |
209 (4.5) | 2.33 ± 1.55 |
| Hulme et al. [25] | USA | RPDR |
412,085 GP | 4.92 ± 1.18 | 61.0 ± 11.0 | 58% | 115,384 (28%) | 12,775 (3.1%) | 38,736 (9.4%) |
38,324 (9.3%) | NA |
29,035 (7.04) | NA |
| Li et al. [28] | France | FNS |
240,459 CD | 7.9 ± 11.5 | 70.8 ± 15.7 | 47% | 141,045 (90.7%) | 33,162 (14.7%) | 50,977 (22.5%) |
39,652 (17.5%) |
35,320 (15.6%) |
66,811 (27.7) | 4.7 ± 1.99 |
| Li et al. [15] | China | CYID |
471,446 GP | 4.1 ± 3.5 | 56.1 ± 9.3 | 46% | 143,168 (31.7%) |
5515 (1.2%) |
37,372 (8.3%) |
9946 (2.2%) |
44,470 (9.9%) |
921 (0.19) | 0.75 ± 0.56 |