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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: C2HEST score for atrial fibrillation risk prediction models: a Diagnostic Accuracy Tests meta-analysis

Study

Country

Group

Population

Mean follow-up, years (SD)

Age (years)

Female (%)

HTN, n

(%)

HF, n

(%)

DM, n

(%)

CAD, n

(%)

COPD, n (%)

AF, n (%)

Mean C2HEST

Guo et al. [30]

China

HHS

209,274

GP

NA

34 ± 11.30

10.6%

31,987 (15.28%)

3286 (1.57%)

7620 (3.64%)

6146 (2.94%)

68,335 (32.66%)

491 (0.23)

1 ± 0.47

Hu and Lin [24]

Taiwan

National cohort

692,691

GP

10.9 ± 2.74

41.3 ± 16.3

49.4%

99,794

(14.4%)

4120 (0.59%)

NA

43,301

(6.25%)

25,379

(3.66%)

209

(0.03)

0.32 ± 0.79

Khurshid et al. [26]

USA

EHR-AF

4,508,180

GP

3.1 9 ± 1.98

62.5 ± 10.9

56.3%

2,375,811

(52.7%)

166,803

(3.7%)

978,275

(21.7%)

545,490

(12.1%)

NA

283,783

(6.3)

NA

Liag et al. [29]

China

TOPCAT

2202

CD

3.89 ± 0.98

67.01 ± 9.44

54.7%

2024

(91.9%)

NA

752

(34.2%)

NA

231

(10.5%)

130

(5.9)

NA

Lip et al. [16]

Denmark

Danish Cohort Study

2,499,235

CD

4.92 ± 1.18

65.08 ± 10.2

52.9%

611,117

(24.45%)

103,769

(4.15%)

142,507

(5.70%)

229,054

(9.16%)

108,692

(4.35%)

132,012

(5.2)

1.16 ± 1.01

Hu and Lin [27]

Taiwan

NHIRD

4601

CD

10.9 ± 2.74

62.6 ± 14.3

50.2%

4174 (90.7%)

1029 (22.4%)

2351 (51.1%)

2082

(45.3%)

874

(19.0%)

209

(4.5)

2.33 ± 1.55

Hulme et al. [25]

USA

RPDR

412,085

GP

4.92 ± 1.18

61.0 ± 11.0

58%

115,384 (28%)

12,775 (3.1%)

38,736 (9.4%)

38,324

(9.3%)

NA

29,035

(7.04)

NA

Li et al. [28]

France

FNS

240,459

CD

7.9 ± 11.5

70.8 ± 15.7

47%

141,045 (90.7%)

33,162 (14.7%)

50,977 (22.5%)

39,652

(17.5%)

35,320

(15.6%)

66,811

(27.7)

4.7 ± 1.99

Li et al. [15]

China

CYID

471,446

GP

4.1 ± 3.5

56.1 ± 9.3

46%

143,168 (31.7%)

5515

(1.2%)

37,372

(8.3%)

9946

(2.2%)

44,470

(9.9%)

921

(0.19)

0.75 ± 0.56

  1. HTN hypertension, HF heart failure, DM diabetes mellitus, CAD coronary artery disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LAD left atrial diameter, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, ACEIs angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, CCB calcium channel blockers, GP general population, CD chronic diseases, RPDR Partners HealthCare System Research Patient Data Registry, FNS A French Nationwide Study, CYID Chinese Yunnan Insurance Database, AF atrial fibrillation