Table 1 Summary of studies showing GLS application in valvular heart disease

Aortic stenosis

Vollema et al. [43]

220

Asymptomatic patients with severe AS

Interobserver

LV GLS was impaired despite comparable LVEF, cutoff − 18.2%

Lafitte et al. [44]

65

Asymptomatic patients with severe AS

Intraobserver

To evaluate exercise tolerance and patients' outcomes, cutoff: − 18%

Kusunose et al. [46]

395

Patients with severe AS preserved LVEF

Intraobserver and interobserver

LV GLS gave an additional prognostic value and predicts mortality in moderate–severe and severe AS patients, cutoff: N/A

Ng et al. [47]

688

Patients with mild, moderate, and severe AS

Intraobserver and interobserver

LV GLS may be used to stratify the risk in severe AS patients and may affect the timing of valve replacement, cutoff − 14%

Aortic regurgitation

Alashi et al. [48]

1063

Patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and preserved LVEF

Intraobserver and interobserver

LV GLS was related to longer-term mortality despite preserved ejection fraction, cutoff − 19.5%

Ewe et al. [39]

129

Patients with moderate–severe or severe AR with preserved LVEF

interobserver

In patients with asymptomatic AR, GLS may identify the needs for surgery during follow-up, cutoff − 17.4%

Mitral regurgitation

Mentias et al. ²⁴

737

Patients with asymptomatic primary MR and preserved LVEF

Intraobserver and interobserver

Resting LV GLS was related to mortality, cutoff − 21%

Alashi et al. [51]

448

Patients with asymptomatic MR and preserved LVEF

Intraobserver and interobserver

LV GLS gave an incremental value for risk stratification, cutoff: N/A

Kamperidis et al. [52]

150

Patients with severe secondary MR and none or less than mild MR

Intraobserver and interobserver

LV GLS was better than LVEF in showing LV dysfunction, cutoff: N/A

Mitral stenosis

Gerede et al. [53]

48

Patients with mild-to-moderate MS

Intraobserver

GLS was able to predict MS progression, cutoff − 16.98%