Table 1 Demographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory findings of the patients with Chiari network
Characteristic | n = 49 | % | Mean ± standard deviation |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (male) | 33 | 67.3 | |
Age (years) | 35.9 ± 15.0 | ||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.8 ± 3.1 | ||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 117.6 ± 9.7 | ||
Heart rate (beats/minute) | 68.9 ± 9.7 | ||
Hypertension | 5 | 10.2 | |
Dyslipidemia | 4 | 8.2 | |
Diabetes mellitus | 5 | 10.2 | |
Chronic kidney disease | 1 | 2.0 | |
Smoking | 21 | 42.9 | |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 140.0 ± 2.2 | ||
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 0.4 | ||
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | ||
Glucose (mg/dL) | 97.1 ± 44.6 | ||
AST (U/L) | 19.5 ± 6.3 | ||
ALT (U/L) | 20.0 ± 13.9 | ||
Echocardiography parameters | |||
Aortic root diameter/Left atrium (cm) | 2.7 ± 0.4/3.2 ± 0.4 | ||
Right atrium/RVDd (cm) | 3.0 ± 0.4/2.8 ± 0.4 | ||
IVSd/LVPWd (cm) | 0.9 ± 0.2/0.9 ± 0.2 | ||
LVIDd/LVIDs (cm) | 4.5 ± 0.5/2.9 ± 0.4 | ||
E/A (cm/s) | 0.8 ± 0.2/0.6 ± 0.1 | ||
LVEF (%) | 64.9 ± 5.8 | ||
Aortic insufficiency (mild) | 2 | 4.1 | |
Mitral insufficiency (mild) | 16 | 32.7 | |
Tricuspid insufficiency (mild or moderate) | 19 | 38.7 | |
Pulmonary insufficiency (mild) | 2 | 4.1 | |
IASA | 31 | 63.3 | |
Positive contrast echo | 22 | 44.9 | |
Atrial septal defect | 2 | 4.1 | |
Patent foramen ovale | 4 | 8.2 | |