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Table 3 Echocardiographic parameters assessment of the study participants

From: Effect of low-level laser physiotherapy on left ventricular function among patients with chronic systolic heart failure

Parameter

Pre-LLLT

Post-LLLT

P value

LVEF%, mean ± SD

25.889 ± 7.511

29.963 ± 8.596

 < 0.001*

Min–max

11–39

14–53

 

E/e (cm/s), mean ± SD

17.487 ± 5.288

17.552 ± 5.510

0.913

Min–max

7–27

7–29

 

RA/LA area %, mean ± SD

27.056 ± 9.451

26.259 ± 8.751

0.357

Min–max

13–50

10–48

 

Vena contracta (mm), mean ± SD

4.7 ± 1.3

4.7 ± 1.8

0.284

Min–max

3–7

3–7

 

Peak TR pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD

40.0 ± 9.0

33 ± 7.0

 < 0.001*

Min–max

27–61

20–49

 
  1. LLLT—low-level laser therapy, SD—standard deviation, LVEF—left ventricle ejection fraction, RA/LA—regurgitation area/left atrial area, TR—tricuspid regurgitation
  2. *Statistically significant