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Table 1 Cardiac autonomic function variables significantly predictive or associative of relevant clinical outcomes

From: Comment on: “exercise training and cardiac autonomic function following coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis”

Clinical conditions

HRV

Time domain

Frequency domain

Hemodialysis [6]

All-cause mortality: decreased HRV (HR 1.63 (95% CI 1.11–2.39), P = 0.014, I2 = 74.2%) (association)*

All-cause mortality: decreased SDANN (HR 1.03 (95% CI 1.01–1.05), P = 0.001, I2 = 21.8%)

All-cause mortality: decreased LF/HF ratio (HR 8.69 (95% CI 2.24–33.68), P = 0.002, I2 = 53.5%)

 

CV mortality: decreased HRV (HR 1.07 (95% CI: 1.00–1.15), P = 0.045, I2 = 89.7%) (association)*

  

Cancer (pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, advanced non-small cell lung cancer and mixed cancer types) [7]

Overall survival: between the higher HRV group and the lower HRV group (HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.60–0.82), P < 0.001, I2 = 27%)

  

Unstable angina and preserved left ventricular function [8]

 

In‐hospital death: SDNNi < 39 ms (OR 4.99 (95% CI 1.18–21.1), P = 0.029)

In‐hospital death: LF < 15,7 ms (OR 4,94 (95% CI 1,16–20,9), P = 0,030);

LF/HF ratio < 1.12 (OR 5.14 (95% CI 1.21–21.8), P = 0.026)

Congestive heart failure [9]

  

Cardiac events: VLF In (ms2) 6.24, (Chi-square), P = 0.01)

Severe sepsis [10]

 

Survivors: SDNN value was significantly higher among survivors (SD 18.50 (IR 10.00–34.50)) as compared to non-survivors (SD 8.50 (IR 5.00–14.50), P = 0.003). SDNN (ms) (HR 0.937 (95% CI 0.883–0.995), P = 0.033)

 

Finnish adult population [11]

Total mortality: HRV morning-evening (RH 1.08 (95% CI 1.03–1.13), P < 0.001);

HRV morning day-by-day (RH 1.11 (95% CI 1.05–1.17), P < 0.001)

Fatal and nonfatal CV events: HRV morning day-by-day (RH 1.11 (95% CI 1.05–1.17), P < 0.001)

  
  1. *Decreased HRV was associated with higher all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality
  2. HRV Heart rate variability, VLF very low frequency, CV cardiovascular, SDNNi standard deviations of RR intervals of all 5 min segments, HF high frequency, SDANN standard deviations of RR intervals of all 5 min segments, LF low frequency