Table 2 Comparison of COVID-19 cohorts (COVID-AO+ and COVID-AO−) and the control cohorts (normal and Org-PNA)

Age

53 ± 14

60 ± 16

64 ± 6.2

70 ± 16

0.001

Female, n (%)

43 (57%)

12 (48%)

3 (30%)

6 (60%)

n.s.

PMH, n (%)

  ≥ 2 pre-existing conditions*

39 (52%)

15 (60%)

8 (80%)

9 (90%)

n.s.

Outcomes, n (%)

 – Inpatient

32 (43%)

25 (100%)

< 0.001

 – LOS (days)

6.5 ± 3.5

16.9 ± 10.6

< 0.001

 – Supplemental O₂

21 (28%)

25 (100%)

< 0.001

Laboratory data

 D-dimer (mcg/mL)

1.5 ± 2.7

2.4 ± 3.4

0.26

 CRP (mg/dL)

6.4 ± 5.9

14.6 ± 10.7

0.003

 Lactate (mmol/L)

1.8 ± 0.6

2.2 ± 1.9

0.36

 Absolute lymphocytes (/mcL)

1680 ± 1120

1110 ± 990

0.07

 Platelets (K/micro-L)

225 ± 75

210 ± 84

0.43

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.2 ± 2.1

1.0 ± 0.5

0.42

Chest CT findings

 RV basal diameter (mm)

38.3 ± 6.5

39.2 ± 5.9

33.7 ± 4.4

35.9 ± 2.8

n.s.

 LV basal diameter (mm)

40.5 ± 6.9

37.3 ± 6.7

39.7 ± 2.5

40.4 ± 5.0

n.s.

 RV:LV ratio

0.95 ± 0.15

1.06 ± 0.14

0.85 ± 0.08

0.89 ± 0.07

< 0.001

 PA diameter (mm)

27.9 ± 4.7

26.8 ± 4.2

27.1 ± 3.4

30.5 ± 2.8

n.s.

 AO diameter (mm)

30.6 ± 4.2

30.5 ± 3.8

32.5 ± 2.4

33.1 ± 3.7

n.s.

 PA:AO

0.91 ± 0.13

0.88 ± 0.09

0.85 ± 0.10

0.93 ± 0.08

n.s.

 CT severity score

13.8 ± 10.0

22.6 ± 9.0

0.0

32.7 ± 6.6

< 0.001^†