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The Egyptian Heart Journal

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients

From: Does new onset and pre-existing atrial fibrillation predict mortality in COVID-19 patients?

Characteristics

All patients (n = 5577)

AF none (group 1) (n = 5209)

Pre-existing AF (group 2) (n = 286)

New-onset AF (group 3) (n = 82)

P value

Age (year)

61.4 ± 16.4

63 (50–73)

73 (66–80)

79 (72.7–83.2)

 < 0.001a,b,c

Gender (Male, %)

2777 (49.8)

2581 (49.5)

144 (50.3)

52 (63.4)

0.044b

HT (number, %)

2760 (49.5)

2458 (47.2)

247 (86.4)

55 (67.1)

 < 0.001a,b,c

DM (number, %)

1505 (27)

1404 (26.9)

88 (30.8)

13 (15.9)

0.027c

CAD (number, %)

1188 (21.3)

990 (19)

166 (58)

32 (39)

 < 0.001a,b,c

HF (number, %)

294 (5.3)

183 (3.5)

94 (32.6)

17 (20.7)

 < 0.001a,b,c

COPD (number, %)

765 (13.7)

649 (12.5)

101 (35.3)

15 (18.3)

 < 0.001a,c

CVE (number, %)

125 (2.2)

105 (2)

17 (5.9)

3 (3.7)

 < 0.001a

HL (number, %)

686 (12.3)

638 (12.2)

35 (12.2)

13 (15.8)

0.590

CRF (number, %)

146 (2.6)

126 (2.4)

15 (5.2)

5 (6.1)

0.002a

Asthma (number, %)

228 (4.1)

219 (4.2)

8 (2.8)

1 (1.2)

0.211

Medications

ASA (number, %)

1210 (21.8)

1122 (21.5)

65 (22.7)

23 (28)

0.331

P2Y12 inhibitors (number, %)

357 (6.4)

313 (6)

36 (12.6)

8 (9.8)

 < 0.001a

Anticoagulants (number, %)

1192 (24.4)

1040 (20)

131 (45.7)

21 (25.6)

 < 0.001a,b,c

Statins (number, %)

607 (1.9)

531 (10.2)

63 (22)

13 (15.9)

 < 0.001a

ACEI/ARB (number, %)

1908 (34.2)

1713 (32.9)

164 (57.3)

31 (37.8)

 < 0.001a,c

BB (number, %)

1159 (20.8)

960 (18.4)

172 (60.1)

27 (32.9)

 < 0.001a,b,c

CCB (number, %)

972 (17.4)

838 (16.1)

111 (38.8)

23 (28)

 < 0.001a,b

Laboratory

Hb (g/dL)

13.3 (12.1–14.4)

13.5 (12.1–14.4)

12.9 (11.3–14.4)

12.5 (10.6–14.0)

 < 0.001a,b

Wbc (103/µL)

7.21 (5.53–9.55)

7.12 (5.51–9.42)

8.17 (5.99–10.76)

10 (7.5–13.1)

 < 0.001a,b,c

Platelet count (103/µL)

231.7 (184–289.2)

233 (186–291)

205 (159–262)

190 (132–261)

 < 0.001a,b

AST (U/L)

33 (24.5–47.5)

32.7 (24.5–47)

33.2 (25.6–46.4)

52.7 (31.9–103.6)

 < 0.001a,b

ALT (U/L)

31.3 (21–49.5)

31.5 (21.3–50)

27.5 (18.3–39.1)

39 (23.2–73.4)

 < 0.001b,c

Ferritin, (ng/mL)

257.4 (111.4–547.7)

256.4 (110.9–539.1)

243.8 (95.7–506.2)

645.3 (229.4–1019.2)

 < 0.001b,c

CRP (mg/L)

36.8 (12.8–75.7)

36.2 (12.5–74.7)

35.7 (13.4–77.2)

85.8 (37–142.7)

 < 0.001b,c

D-dimer (μg/mL)

384 (104–1318)

363 (100–1238)

666 (189–2100)

3131 (1182–6574)

 < 0.001a,b,c

Procalcitonin (ng/mL)

0.11 (0.02–0.57)

0.10 (0.02–0.54)

0.19 (0.03–0.94)

0.94 (0.27–5.50)

 < 0.001b,c

Troponin I (ng/mL)

0.011 (0.003–0.1)

0.01 (0.002–0.085)

0.04 (0.01–0.14)

0.41 (0.07–1.24)

 < 0.001b,c

NTproBNP (pg/mL)

444 (83.8–4916.5)

353.5 (71.2–3497.2)

6781 (2136–20,947)

8595 (954–15,745)

 < 0.001a,b

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.88 (0.73–1.12)

0.87 (0.73–1.10)

1.12 (0.86–1.51)

1.23 (0.88–1.76)

 < 0.001a,b

Na (mmol/L)

137 (134.6–139.1)

137 (134–139)

137 (134–140)

139 (135–143)

 < 0.001b,c

K (mmol/L)

4.18 (3.89–4.49)

4.18 (3.89–4.48)

4.21 (3.91–4.57)

4.45 (4.11–4.78)

 < 0.001a,b

Ca (mg/dL)

8.6 (8.3–8.9)

8.7 (8.32–9.05)

8.6 (8.23–8.9)

8.12 (7.79–8.5)

 < 0.001a,b,c

Mg (mg/dL)

1.86 (1.72–1.98)

1.87 (1.73–2.02)

1.83 (1.68–1.96)

1.99 (1.74–2.21)

0.382

Glucose (mg/dL)

131 (136–179.3)

130 (105–177)

143 (112–185)

163 (133–199)

 < 0.001b

COVID-19 PCR test (positive, %)

3809 (68.3)

3602 (69.1)

156 (54.5)

51 (62.2)

 < 0.001a

Lung involvement in tomography (positive, %)

4753 (85.2)

4452 (85.5)

234 (81.8)

67 (81.7)

0.158

Disease progression

Total mortality (number, %)

754 (13.5)

633 (12.2)

66 (23.1)

55 (67.1)

 < 0.001a,b,c

In-hospital mortality (number, %)

627 (11.2)

526 (10.1)

53 (18.5)

48 (58.5)

 < 0.001a,b,c

Need for intensive care (number, %)

897 (16.1)

766 (14.7)

79 (27.6)

52 (63.4)

 < 0.001a,b,c

Need for intubation (number, %)

493 (8.8)

410 (7.9)

43 (15)

40 (48.8)

 < 0.001a,b,c

Recurrent hospitalization (number, %)

579 (10.4)

518 (9.9)

45 (15.7)

16 (19.5)

 < 0.001a,c

Total hospital stay (day)

8 (5–13)

8 (5–13)

9 (5–14)

17 (9–26)

 < 0.001b,c

  1. Abbreviations: AF atrial fibrillation HT hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus, CAD coronary artery disease, HF heart failure COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVE cerebrovascular event, HL hyperlipidemia, CRF chronic renal failure, ASA acetylsalicylic acid ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, BB beta-blocker, CCB calcium channel blockers, Hb hemoglobin, Wbc white blood cell, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, CRP C-reactive protein, NTproBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, Na sodium, K potassium, Ca calcium, Mg magnesium, PCR polymerase chain reaction
  2. aStatistical difference between Group 1 vs. Group 2
  3. bStatistical difference between Group 1 vs. Group 3
  4. cStatistical difference between Group 2 vs. Group 3
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