Drugs acting on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and deaths of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Sharma, Ruchika; Kumar, Anoop; Majeed, Jaseela; Thakur, Ajit K.; Aggarwal, Geeta

doi:10.1186/s43044-022-00303-8

The Egyptian Heart Journal

Table 1 Characteristics of included Studies

From: Drugs acting on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and deaths of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

S. no.	Reference name	Type of study	Place	Publication status	Male (%)	Female (%)	Total	Median age	(Non-ACE/ARB)	Outcome	(ACE/ARB)	Outcome	References
1	Derington 2021	Cohort	USA	Peer-reviewed	93	7	4969	66	2487	65	2482	61	[15]
2	Ayed 2021	Cohort	Kuwait	Peer-reviewed	85.5	14.5	103	53	93	10	10	5	[16]
3	Senkal 2020	Cohort	Turkey	Peer-reviewed	59.4	40.6	611	57	53	5	105	7	[17]
4	Bae 2020	Cohort	UK	Peer-reviewed	48.8	51.2	347	52	230	12	117	17	[18]
5	Baker 2021	Cohort	UK	Peer-reviewed	54	46	311	75	233	63	78	17	[19]
6	Banerjee 2020	Cohort	UK	Peer-reviewed	57.5	42.5	7	61.5	6	0	1	1	[20]
7	Bauer 2021	Case–Control Study	USA	Peer-reviewed	37	63	1449	57.4	1219	198	230	77	[21]
8	Bean 2020	Cohort	UK	Peer-reviewed	57.2	42.8	1200	69.2	801	182	399	106	[22]
9	Braude 2020	Multicenter Observational Study	UK, Italy	Peer-reviewed	59.1	40.9	1371	74	979	257	392	106	[23]
10	Cannata 2020	Observational Retrospective	Italy	Peer-reviewed	NA	NA	280	75	224	39	56	7	[24]
11	Cariou 2020	Cohort	France	Peer-reviewed	64.9	35.1	1317	69.8	580	48	737	92	[25]
12	Cetinkal 2020	Retrospective, Single Center	Turkey	Peer-reviewed	50.43	49.57	341	68.7	140	20	201	29	[26]
13	Chaudhri 2020	Cohort	USA	Peer-reviewed	66	34	300	62	220	25	80	5	[27]
14	Chen C 2020	Cohort	China	Peer-reviewed	47.7	52.3	1182	63	827	95	355	12	[28]
15	Chen M 2020	Case–Control Study	China	Preprint	49.6	50.4	123	28.8	112	28	11	3	[29]
16	Chen Y 2020	Cohort	China	Peer-reviewed	67	33	71	67.25	39	10	32	4	[30]
17	Choi 2020	Case–Control Study	South Korea	Preprint	42.8	57.2	1517	66.5	625	69	892	42	[31]
18	Christiansen 2021	Observational Retrospective	Denmark	Peer-reviewed	42.7	57.3	2802	47	1336	144	1466	138	[32]
19	Conversano 2020	Cohort	Italy	Peer-reviewed	68.6	31.4	191	65	122	101	69	48	[33]
20	Covino 2020	Observational Retrospective	Australia	Peer-reviewed	65.7	34.3	166	74	55	22	111	58	[34]
21	Desai 2021	Observational Retrospective	Italy	Peer-reviewed	66.1	33.9	575	64.8	421	72	154	49	[35]
22	Felice 2020	Case–Control Study	Italy	Peer-reviewed	64.6	35.4	133	72	51	18	82	15	[7]
23	Fosbol 2020	Cohort	Denmark	Peer-reviewed	48	52	4480	62	3585	297	895	181	[8]
24	Genet 2020	Observational Retrospective	USA	Peer-reviewed	63.81	36.19	201	86.3	138	52	63	14	[36]
25	Giacomelli 2020	Prospective, Single Center	Italy	Peer-reviewed	69.1	30.9	233	61	202	34	31	14	[37]
26	Giorgi 2020	Cohort	Italy	Peer-reviewed	50.1	49.9	2653	31.6	1835	109	818	108	[38]
27	Guo 2020	Case–Control Study	China	Peer-reviewed	54	46	187	61.7	168	36	19	7	[9]
28	Hakeam 2021	Cohort	Saudi Arabia	Peer-reviewed	59.5	40.5	102	60.8	33	7	69	15	[39]
29	Hu 2020	Cohort	China	Peer-reviewed		NA	149	56	84	0	65	1	[10]
30	Huang 2020	Cohort	China	Peer-reviewed	45	55	50	60.18	30	3	20	0	[40]
31	Ip 2020	Case–Control Study	USA	Preprint	NA	NA	1129	NA	669	262	460	137	[41]
32	Jung C 2021	Cohort	38 Countries	Peer-reviewed	69	31	324	75	167	85	157	62	[42]
33	Jung S 2020	Cohort	South Korea	Peer-reviewed	44	56	1954	44.6	1577	51	377	33	[43]
34	Khan 2020	Observational Retrospective, Multicenter	Scotland	Peer-reviewed	56.8	43.2	88	72	61	14	27	5	[44]
35	Khera 2020	Observational Retrospective	USA	Preprint	54	46	7933	NA	3346	466	4587	664	[45]
36	Kim 2021	Observational Retrospective	South Korea	Peer-reviewed	53	47	1236	62	608	28	628	23	[46]
37	Lafaurie 2021	Observational Retrospective	UK	Peer-reviewed	22.44	77.56	109	74	36	6	73	9	[11]
38	Lam 2020	Observational Retrospective	USA	Peer-reviewed	90.11	9.89	614	70.5	279	62	335	58	[47]
39	Lee 2020	Cohort	South Korea	Preprint	22.44	77.56	8266	44.36	7289	62	977	50	[48]
40	Li 2020	Case–Control Study	China	Peer-reviewed	52.2	47.80	362	66	247	56	115	21	[49]
41	Liabeuf 2021	Prospective, Single Center	France	Peer-reviewed	58	42	268	73	172	30	96	17	[50]
42	Lim 2020	Cohort	South Korea	Peer-reviewed	70	30	130	67	100	22	30	14	[51]
43	Lopez-Otero 2021	Cohort	Spain	Peer-reviewed	42	58	965	64	755	27	210	11	[52]
44	Matsuzawa 2020	Observational Retrospective	Japan	Peer-reviewed	59.6	40.4	39	60	18	0	21	2	[53]
45	Mehta 2020	Observational Retrospective	USA	Peer-reviewed	50.1	49.9	1705	58.4	1494	34	211	8	[54]
46	Meng 2020	Case–Control Study	China	Peer-reviewed	57.2	42.8	42	66.4	25	1	17	0	[55]
47	Negreira-Caamaao 2020	Observational Retrospective	Spain	Peer-reviewed	51.9	48.1	545	76.5	153	63	392	119	[56]
48	Oussalah 2020	Cohort	France	Peer-reviewed	61	39	147	65	104	9	43	10	[57]
49	Pan 2020	Observational Retrospective	China	Peer-reviewed	50.7	49.3	282	69	241	5	41	4	[58]
50	Rentsch 2020	Cohort	USA	Preprint	54	46	579	66	324	6	255	11	[59]
51	Rezel-Potts 2021	Observational Retrospective	UK	Peer-reviewed	40	60	16,866	62	14,154	667	2712	254	[60]
52	Richardson 2020	Case–Control Study	USA	Peer-reviewed	60.3	39.7	1366	63	953	254	413	130	[61]
53	Rodilla 2020	Observational Retrospective	Spain	Peer-reviewed	57.4	42.6	12,226	67.5	7988	1452	4238	1180	[62]
54	Rosenthal 2020	Cohort	USA	Peer-reviewed	50	50	37,707	57	34,545	7010	3162	345	[63]
55	Sardu 2020	Observational Retrospective	Italy	Peer-reviewed	66.1	33.9	62	58	17	2	45	7	[64]
56	Selã§Uk 2020	Observational Retrospective	Turkey	Peer-reviewed	48.6	51.4	113	67	39	4	74	31	[65]
57	Shah 2020	Retrospective, Single Center	USA	Peer-reviewed	42	58	531	64	324	48	207	38	[66]
58	Soleimani 2020	Cohort	USA	Peer-reviewed	83.5	16.5	254	66.4	132	35	122	33	[67]
59	Son 2020	Observational Retrospective	Korea	Peer-reviewed	50.8	49.2	102	64	25	8	77	30	[68]
60	Tan 2020	Case–Control Study	China	Peer-reviewed	51	49	100	67	69	11	31	0	[69]
61	Wang 2020	Case–Control Study	China	Peer-reviewed	52	48	210	64	129	5	81	7	[70]
62	Xu 2020	Observational Retrospective	China	Peer-reviewed	53	47	101	65	61	21	40	11	[71]
63	Yang 2020	Observational Retrospective	China	Peer-reviewed	49	51	251	66	208	19	43	2	[72]
64	Yuan 2020	Observational Retrospective	China	Peer-reviewed	NA	NA	260	NA	130	22	130	6	[73]
65	Zeng 2020	Case–Control Study	China	Preprint	49.4	50.6	274	66.57	246	19	28	2	[74]
66	Zhang 2020	Retrospective, Multi-Center Study	China	Peer-reviewed	54	46	1128	64	940	92	188	7	[75]
67	Zhong 2020	Cohort	China	Peer-reviewed	44.5	55.5	126	66.3	89	15	37	6	[76]
68	Zhou 2020	Cohort	China	Peer-reviewed	53	47	2718	64.8	1812	272	906	70	[77]

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