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The Egyptian Heart Journal

Table 2 Quality assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale

From: Drugs acting on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and deaths of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

S. no.

References

Selection

Compatibility

Outcome

Total score

Quality of the study

References

Representativeness of the exposed cohort

Selection of the non-exposed cohort

Ascertainment of the exposure

Outcome status at start of study

Assessment of the outcome

Length of follow-up

Adequacy of follow-up

Cohort study

1

Derington 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[15]

2

Ayed 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[16]

3

Åženkal 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[17]

4

Bae 2020

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[18]

5

Baker 2021

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

7

Fair

[19]

6

Banerjee 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[20]

7

Bean 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[22]

8

Braude 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[23]

9

Cannata 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[24]

10

Cariou 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[25]

11

Cetinkal 2020

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[26]

12

Chaudhri 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[27]

13

Chen C 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[28]

14

Chen Y 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[30]

15

Christiansen 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[32]

16

Conversano 2020

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[33]

17

Covino 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[34]

18

Desai 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[35]

19

Fosbol¸ 2020

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

–

8

Excellent

[8]

20

Genet 2020

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

7

Fair

[36]

21

Giacomelli 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[37]

22

Giorgi 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[38]

23

Hakeam 2021

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[39]

24

Hu 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[10]

25

Huang 2020

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

7

Fair

[40]

26

Jung C 2021

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[42]

27

Jung S 2020

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[43]

28

Khan 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[44]

29

Khera 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[45]

30

Kim 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[46]

31

Lafaurie 2021

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[11]

32

Lam 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[47]

33

López-Otero 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[52]

34

Lee 2020

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[48]

35

Liabeuf 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[50]

36

Lim 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[51]

37

Matsuzawa 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[53]

38

Mehta 2020

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

7

Fair

[54]

39

Negreira-Caamaao 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[56]

40

Oussalah 2020

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[57]

41

Pan 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[58]

42

Rentsch 2020

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[59]

43

Rezel-Potts 2021

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[60]

44

Rodilla 2020

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

7

Fair

[62]

45

Rosenthal 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[63]

46

Sardu 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[64]

47

Selçuk 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[65]

48

Shah 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[66]

49

Soleimani 2020

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

7

Fair

[67]

50

Son 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[68]

51

Xu 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[71]

52

Yang 2020

*

*

*

*

–

*

*

*

7

Fair

[72]

53

Yuan 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[73]

54

Zhang 2020

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9

Excellent

[75]

55

Zhong 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[76]

56

Zhou 2020

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8

Excellent

[77]

S. no.

Reference name

Selection

Compatibility

Outcome

Total score

Quality of the study

References

Representativeness of the exposed cohort

Selection of the non-exposed cohort

Ascertainment of the exposure

Outcome status at start of study

Assessment of the outcome

Statistical Test (same method for both case and control)

Case control

1

Bauer 2021

*

*

*

*

**

**

*

9

Excellent

[21]

2

Chen M 2020

*

*

*

*

*

**

–

8

Excellent

[29]

3

Choi 2020

*

*

*

*

*

**

*

9

Excellent

[31]

4

Felice 2020

*

–

*

*

–

**

–

5

Fair

[7]

5

Guo 2020

*

–

*

*

–

**

–

5

Fair

[9]

6

Ip 2020

*

*

*

*

–

**

–

6

Fair

[41]

7

Li 2020

*

*

*

*

–

**

–

6

Fair

[49]

8

Meng 2020

*

–

*

*

–

**

–

5

Fair

[55]

9

Richardson 2020

*

*

*

*

–

**

–

6

Fair

[61]

10

Tan 2020

*

*

*

*

–

**

–

6

Fair

[69]

11

Wang 2020

*

–

*

*

–

**

–

5

Fair

[70]

12

Zeng 2020

*

–

*

*

*

**

–

6

Fair

[74]

  1. * indicate 01 point and **indicate 02 points regarding quality of particular study
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