Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Total (n = 293) | Lean (n = 138) | Overweight (n = 72) | Obese (n = 83) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 68.9 ± 13.2 | 72.0 ± 12.8 | 68.7 ± 10.9 | 63.8 ± 14.3 | < 0.001b |
< 50 | 21 (7.2) | 5 (3.6) | 1 (1.4) | 15 (18.1) | < 0.001a |
50–75 | 167 (57.0) | 73 (52.9) | 47 (65.3) | 47 (56.6) | |
> 75 | 105 (35.8) | 60 (43.5) | 24 (33.3) | 21 (25.3) | |
BMI (mean ± SD) (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 4.0 | 20.0 ± 1.9 | 23.9 ± 0.5 | 27.8 ± 3.8 | < 0.001b |
Gender (%) | |||||
Male (n, %) | 136 (46.4) | 55 (39.9) | 35 (48.6) | 46 (55.4) | 0.073a |
Female (n, %) | 157 (53.8) | 83 (60.1) | 37 (51.4) | 37 (44.6) | |
Diabetes (%) | |||||
Yes (n, %) | 240 (81.9) | 109 (79.0) | 61 (84.7) | 70 (84.3) | 0.470a |
No (n, %) | 53 (18.1) | 29 (21.0) | 11 (15.3) | 13 (15.7) | |
Hypertension (%) | |||||
Yes (n, %) | 125 (42.7) | 62 (44.9) | 30 (41.7) | 33 (39.8) | 0.739a |
No (n, %) | 168 (57.3) | 76 (55.1) | 42 (58.3) | 50 (60.2) | |
LVEF (%) (mean ± SD) | 40.9 ± 16.2 | 40.7 ± 15.6 | 40.3 ± 16.0 | 41.7 ± 17.4 | 0.859b |
≤ 40% (n, %) | 158 (53.9) | 74 (53.6) | 42 (58.3) | 42 (50.6) | 0.626a |
> 40% (n, %) | 135 (46.1) | 64 (46.4) | 30 (41.7) | 41 (49.4) | |
NYHA class HF (%) | |||||
II (n, %) | 108 (36.9) | 49 (35.5) | 29 (40.3) | 30 (36.1) | 0.783a |
III–IV (n, %) | 185 (63.1) | 89 (64.5) | 43 (59.7) | 53 (63.9) | |
Laboratory results | |||||
NT-proBNP (pg/ml) median (IQR) | 3776 (1672–8806) | 5143 (2112–13654) | 3298 (1472–7463) | 3177 (1262–5237) | 0.0004c |
HbA1c (%) median (IQ R) | 7.0 (6.2–8.4) | 6.7 (6.0–8.3) | 7.3 (6.4–8.3) | 7.2 (6.3–8.8) | 0.210c |
eGFR (ml/min/173 m2) median (IQR) | 57.5 (43.9–73.4) | 56.7 (43.0–72.2) | 56.8 (43.2–70.6) | 61.8 (46.1–78.8) | 0.343c |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) mean ± SD | 4.03 ± 1.32 | 4.01 ± 1.31 | 4.08 ± 1.39 | 4.02 ± 1.27 | 0.937b |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 0.043c |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) mean ± SD | 0.95 ± 0.25 | 0.97 ± 0.23 | 0.96 ± 0.27 | 0.92 ± 0.26 | 0.412b |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) median (IQR) | 2.4 (1.9–3.1) | 2.3 (1.9–3.1) | 2.5 (1.8–3.2) | 2.4 (1.9–3.1) | 0.690c |