Table 1 Pre-LVAD characteristics of the patients studied
Variables | All patients (n = 73) | Pre-VAD DPG < 7 (n = 49, 67.1%) | Pre-VAD DPG ≥ 7 (n = 24, 32.9%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 43.2 (30.9–54) | 43.2 (31.4–54.3) | 43.6 (24.4–51.65) | 0.74 |
Gender, male (n, %) | 60 (82.2) | 38 (77.6) | 22 (91.7) | 0.198 |
BSA (m2) | 1.83 (1.68–1.95) | 1.8 (1.71–1.95) | 1.85 (1.64–2.23) | 0.73 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 (22.1–29.3) | 25.4 (22.1–28.8) | 25.85 (22.35–29.4) | 0.76 |
Smoking (n, %) | 14 (19.2) | 10 (20.4) | 4 (16.7) | 1 |
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 31 (42.5) | 21 (42.9) | 10 (41.7) | 0.92 |
CKD (n, %) | 13 (17.8) | 9 (18.4) | 4 (16.7) | 1 |
Pulmonary disease (n, %) | 5 (6.8) | 2 (4.1) | 3 (12.5) | 0.32 |
Preoperative AF (n, %) | 31 (42.5) | 19 (38.8) | 12 (50) | 0.36 |
Heart disease (n, %) | ||||
 Idiopathic cardiomyopathy | 42 (57.5) | 26 (53.1) | 16 (66.7) | 0.78 |
 Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 23 (31.5) | 17 (34.7) | 6 (25) |  |
 ACHD | 3 (4.1) | 2 (4.1) | 1 (4.2) |  |
 Others | 5 (6.8) | 4 (8.2) | 1 (4.2) |  |
Time of LVAD after cardiac diagnosis | ||||
  < 1 year | 15 (20.5) | 10 (20.4) | 5 (20.8) | 0.49 |
  1–2 years | 13 (17.8) | 7 (14.3) | 6 (25) |  |
  > 2 years | 45 (61.6) | 32 (65.3) | 13 (54.2) |  |
INTERMACS class (n, %) | ||||
 I | 6 (8.2) | 4 (8.2) | 2 (8.3) | 0.73 |
 II | 29 (39.7) | 20 (40.8) | 9 (37.5) |  |
 III | 25 (34.2) | 18 (36.7) | 7 (29.2) |  |
 IV | 13 (17.8) | 7 (14.3) | 6 (25) |  |
CRT (n, %) | 14 (19.2) | 5 (10.2) | 9 (37.5) | 0.01 |
ICD (n, %) | 49 (67.1) | 33 (67.3) | 16 (66.7) | 0.95 |
PVD (n, %) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2) | 0 | 1 |
Prior stroke (n, %) | 6 (8.2) | 5 (10.2) | 1 (4.2) | 0.65 |
Preoperative drugs (n, %) | ||||
 Beta-blockers | 58 (79.5) | 40 (81.6) | 18 (75) | 0.54 |
 Amiodarone | 23 (31.5) | 13 (26.5) | 10 (41.7) | 0.19 |
 Spironolactone | 51 (69.9) | 31 (63.3) | 20 (83.3) | 0.07 |
 ACEI/ARBs | 38 (52.1) | 25 (51) | 13 (54.2) | 0.8 |
 Systemic steroids | 3 (4.1) | 3 (6.1) | 0 | 0.54 |
 Immune-suppressants | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
 Warfarin | 25 (34.2) | 16 (32.7) | 9 (37.5) | 0.68 |
Preoperative blood levels | ||||
 Creatinine (umol/L) | 101 (74–137) | 94 (69–138) | 102 (77–128.5) | 0.52 |
 Bilirubin (umol/L) | 25 (11–39) | 23 (11–34) | 26.5 (14.35–46.4) | 0.36 |
 BUN (mg/dL) | 10 (6–16) | 8.9 (5.7–18) | 11.65 (7.9–15.7) | 0.27 |
 Albumin (g/L) | 38 (35–41.2) | 39 (35–41.7) | 37.5 (35–40) | 0.59 |
 ALT (U/L) | 23 (15–45.7) | 22 (14.1–44.5) | 27.45 (15.3–68) | 0.64 |
 AST (U/L) | 27 (20–65) | 26 (20–65) | 29 (19.8–62.5) | 0.81 |
 Sodium (mmol/L) | 136 (132–138) | 136 (133–139) | 133.5 (130.5–137) | 0.06 |
 Platelets (109/L) | 232 (171–296) | 239 (173–296) | 211 (166–299) | 0.78 |
 Hemoglobin (g/L) | 113 (101–132) | 116 (105–133) | 108 (92.5–126.5) | 0.12 |
 WBCs (109/L) | 6.7 (5.8, 10) | 6.7 (5.8–11) | 6.9 (5.95–9.45) | 0.8 |