Table 3 Clinical profile of patients with right ventricular dysfunction versus those with normal right ventricular function
Variables | No RVD Number (%) or mean ± SD (n = 88) | RVD Number (%) or mean ± SD (n = 86) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | 59.6 ± 10 | 55.9 ± 11.9 | 0.03 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 ± 15.7 | 27.7 ± 5.2 | 0.8 |
Male gender | 66 (75) | 65 (75.6) | 0.093 |
Smoking status | |||
Non-smoker | 29 (33) | 30 (34.9) | 0.059 |
Current smoker | 45 (51.1) | 31 (36) | |
Ex-smoker | 14 (15.9) | 25 (29.1) | |
HF duration | |||
< 1 month | 45 (64.3) | 20 (28.2) | < 0.001 |
> 1 month—< 1 year | 13 (18.6) | 24 (33.8) | |
1–5 year(s) | 9 (12.9) | 20 (28.2) | |
> 5 years | 3 (4.3) | 7 (9.9) | |
Comorbidities | |||
HTN | 52 (59.1) | 38 (44.2) | 0.049 |
DM | 47 (53.4) | 48 (55.8) | 0.75 |
CAD | 81 (94.2) | 63 (75.9) | 0.001 |
CAD duration < 1 month | 44 (50) | 9 (10.5) | < 0.001 |
Previous PCI/CABG | 17 (19.3) | 28 (32.6) | 0.046 |
Previous cardiac arrest | 2 (2.3) | 1 (1.2) | 0.57 |
Chronic chest disease | 19 (21.6) | 20 (23.3) | 0.79 |
Renal impairment | 38 (43.2) | 36 (41.9) | 0.86 |
ESKD on regular dialysis | 2 (2.3) | 2 (2.3) | 0.98 |
Previous CVA | 8 (9.1) | 14 (16.3) | 0.15 |
Previous exposure to chemotherapy | 0 | 4 (4.7) | 0.04 |
Infection | 23 (26.1) | 23 (26.7) | 0.93 |
Thyroid disorders | 3 (3.4) | 3 (3.5) | 0.98 |
PAD | 7 (8) | 9 (10.5) | 0.57 |
Known liver disease | 2 (2.3) | 6 (7) | 0.14 |
Old DVT | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.2) | 0.99 |
Peptic ulcer | 2 (2.3) | 2 (2.3) | 0.98 |
DKA | 2 (2.3) | 0 | 0.16 |
Autoimmune disease | 0 | 3 (3.5) | 0.12 |
Clinical presentation | |||
Chest pain | 72 (81.8) | 36 (42.4) | < 0.001 |
HF functional class | |||
NYHA class III | 7 (8) | 7 (8.1) | |
NYHA class IV | 71 (80.7) | 73 (84.9) | 0.066 |
Cardiogenic shock | 10 (11.4) | 6 (7) | |
SBP (mmHg) | 121.1 ± 31.7 | 114.5 ± 24 | 0.14 |
DBP (mmHg) | 74 ± 17.5 | 71.2 ± 14.6 | 0.26 |
HR (bpm) | 91.5 ± 20.2 | 99.7 ± 25.9 | 0.02 |
Laboratory | |||
RBS (mg/dL) | 196.9 ± 111 | 180 .9 ± 82.3 | 0.4 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 0.55 |
Na (mmol/L) | 132.6 ± 20.6 | 133.8 ± 6.1 | 0.61 |
K (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 0.1 |
Hb (g/dL) | 13.1 ± 2.3 | 12 ± 1.9 | 0.001 |
TLC (× 103/L) | 11.2 ± 4.3 | 8.5 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
Platelets (× 103/L) | 278 ± 81.6 | 256.3 ± 115.1 | 0.16 |
TC (mg/dL) | 169 ± 52.5 | 128.2 ± 43 | < 0.001 |
TG (mg/dL) | 146.7 ± 109.9 | 95.7 ± 45.2 | 0.001 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 37.9 ± 15 | 30.1 ± 8.5 | 0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 103.8 ± 44.7 | 78.3 ± 34.9 | < 0.001 |
ECG | |||
Rhythm | |||
Sinus | 85 (96.6) | 65 (75.6) | < 0.001 |
AF/A. FL | 3 (3.4) | 20 (24.4) | |
Conduction abnormalities | |||
None | 68 (81) | 59 (72.8) | |
LBBB | 10 (11.9) | 15 (18.5) | 0.44 |
RBBB | 6 (7.1) | 7 (8.6) | |