Table 4 Comparison of patients with right ventricular dysfunction and those with normal right ventricular function regarding echocardiographic findings
Variables | No RVD Number (%) or mean ± SD (n = 88) | RVD Number (%) or mean ± SD (n = 86) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Left heart size | |||
LVEDD (mm) | 57.3 ± 9.9 | 62.3 ± 9.6 | 0.001 |
LVESD (mm) | 45.4 ± 9.9 | 52.2 ± 9.4 | < 0.001 |
SWT (mm) | 9.8 ± 1.9 | 9.0 ± 2.1 | 0.004 |
PWT (mm) | 9.7 ± 1.6 | 9.1 ± 1.9 | 0.04 |
LV EDV (ml) | 151.4 ± 65.3 | 189 ± 55.4 | < 0.001 |
LV ESV (ml) | 101.7 ± 53.6 | 138.1 ± 48.3 | < 0.001 |
LA ESV (ml) | 58 ± 27.2 | 80.3 ± 28.4 | < 0.001 |
LV function | |||
EF % (Simpson) | 34.9 ± 8.1 | 27.8 ± 7.9 | < 0.001 |
E/A | 1.27 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
RWMA IVS | 84 (96.6) | 86 (100) | 0.25 |
Hypokinetic | 23 (26.1) | 31 (36) | 0.003 |
Akinetic | 58 (65.9) | 42 (58.8) | |
Dyskinetic | 3 (3.4) | 13 (15.1) | |
RWMA Overall | 88 (100) | 86 (100) | 1.0 |
Hypokinetic | 22 (25) | 28 (32.6) | 0.017 |
Akinetic | 62 (70.5) | 45 (52.3) | |
Dyskinetic | 4 (4.5) | 13 (15.1) | |
Right heart size | |||
RVWT (PLAX) (mm) | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 0.12 |
RVWT (subcostal) (mm) | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 0.11 |
RVOT (PLAX) (mm) | 31.5 ± 4.9 | 37.4 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
RVOT 1 (mm) | 31.2 ± 4.7 | 36.9 ± 5.6 | < 0.001 |
RVOT 2 (mm) | 25.9 ± 3.6 | 28.7 ± 4.6 | < 0.001 |
Main PA (mm) | 22.1 ± 3.6 | 24 ± 4.1 | 0.003 |
RVD 1 (mm) | 36.6 ± 6.8 | 46.5 ± 9 | < 0.001 |
RVD 2 (mm) | 24.9 ± 6.0 | 34 ± 8.1 | < 0.001 |
RVD 3 (mm) | 71.2 ± 11.2 | 79.4 ± 8.3 | < 0.001 |
RV EDA (cm2) | 18.7 ± 7.1 | 27.6 ± 7.3 | < 0.001 |
RV ESA (cm2) | 10.3 ± 5.2 | 20.6 ± 6.4 | < 0.001 |
RA width (mm) | 35.1 ± 6.5 | 44.4 ± 9.8 | < 0.001 |
RA length (mm) | 43.5 ± 8.3 | 51.3 ± 10.1 | < 0.001 |
RA area (cm2) | 14.1 ± 4.9 | 21.2 ± 7.4 | < 0.001 |
RVH | 7 (8) | 10 (11.6) | 0.42 |
Dilated RVOT | 38 (44.7) | 75 (87.2) | < 0.001 |
Dilated RV | 13 (14.8) | 57 (66.3) | < 0.001 |
Dilated RVOT & RV | 42 (47.7) | 75 (87.2) | < 0.001 |
RV function | |||
TAPSE (mm) | 20.7 ± 5.8 | 12.7 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
RV S' (cm/s) | 12.4 ± 2.3 | 8.2 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
RV FAC | 46.3 ± 8.9 | 25.2 ± 7.5 | < 0.001 |
RVD | 0 | 86 (100) | < 0.001 |
RVD & Dilated RV | 0 | 57 (66.3) | < 0.001 |
RVD & Dilated RVOT & RV | 0 | 72 (83.7) | < 0.001 |
RIMP | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.72 ± 0.19 | < 0.001 |
RV FWS | − 21.3 ± 7.8 | − 13.2 ± 5.8 | < 0.001 |
RV GLS | − 15.7 ± 6.9 | − 10.8 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
Estimated right-sided pressures | |||
RVSP (mmHg) | 34.4 ± 13.1 | 39.9 ± 13.1 | 0.03 |
EPASP (mmHg) | 42.4 ± 14.7 | 51.4 ± 14.3 | 0.001 |
RAP (mmHg) | 6.4 ± 4.7 | 10.8 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 |
IVCEXP (mm) | 17.4 ± 6.6 | 22.1 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
IVCINS (mm) | 7.1 ± 9.2 | 15.2 ± 10.8 | < 0.001 |
Valvular abnormalities | |||
Tricuspid regurgitation | |||
None | 21 (24.7) | 6 (7) | < 0.001 |
Mild | 45 (53) | 32 (37.2) | |
Moderate | 13 (15.3) | 22 (25.6) | |
Severe | 6 (7.1) | 26 (30.2) | |
Mitral regurgitation | |||
None | 14 (16.1) | 4 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
Mild | 44 (50.5) | 24 (27.9) | |
Moderate | 20 (20.3) | 23 (26.7) | |
Severe | 9 (10.3) | 35 (40.7) | |
Mitral Stenosis | |||
None | 87 (98.9) | 84 (97.7) | 0.6 |
Mild | 0 | 0 | |
Moderate | 0 | 1 (1.2) | |
Severe | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.2) | |
Aortic regurgitation | |||
None | 72 (81.8) | 69 (80.2) | 0.75 |
Mild | 16 (18.1) | 16 (18.6) | |
Moderate | 0 | 1 (1.2) | |
Severe | 0 | 0 | |
Aortic stenosis | |||
None | 86 (97.7) | 86 (100) | 0.37 |
Mild | 2 (2.2) | 0 | |
Moderate | 0 | 0 | |
Severe | 1 (1.1) | 0 | |
Pericardial effusion | |||
None | 80 (90.9) | 75 (87.2) | 0.51 |
Mild | 8 (9.1) | 10 (11.6) | |
Moderate | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | |
Severe | 0 | 0 | |
Intracardiac thrombus | 11 (12.5) | 5 (5.8) | 0.13 |