Table 4 Echocardiographic findings of studied groups

Carotid IMT (cm)

Mean ± SD

0.52 ± 0.18 b,c

0.67 ± 0.25 a

0.68 ± 0.27 a

 < 0.001* F

LV EF%

Mean ± SD

62.70 ± 4.50

61.21 ± 3.79

62.38 ± 5.69

0.084 F

LV FS %

Mean ± SD

32.66 ± 3.80

31.79 ± 3.76

32.42 ± 5.46

0.279 F

E (m/s)

Mean ± SD

0.89 ± 0.12 b,c

0.76 ± 0.14 a

0.78 ± 0.17 a

 < 0.001* F

LVEDD (mm)

Mean ± SD

48.00 ± 1.78

48.12 ± 2.40

48.35 ± 2.12

0.470 F

LVESD (mm)

Mean ± SD

28.92 ± 1.36

28.35 ± 1.90

28.75 ± 2.60

0.081 F

A (m/s)

Mean ± SD

0.83 ± 0.15 c

0.87 ± 0.14

0.90 ± 0.18 a

0.010* F

E/A

Mean ± SD

1.10 ± 0.19 b,c

0.98 ± 0.18 a

0.96 ± 0.22 a

 < 0.001* F

e (m/s)

Mean ± SD

0.10 ± 0.01 b,c

0.08 ± 0.01 a

0.08 ± 0.02 a

 < 0.001* F

E/e

Mean ± SD

8.64 ± 1.44 b,c

9.33 ± 2.07 a

9.54 ± 1.61 a

 < 0.001* F

A

Median [IQR] (Range)

0.09 [0.08–0.10] (0.06–0.15)

0.09 [0.08–0.11] (0.06–1.20)

0.09 [0.08–0.14] (0.05–1.13)

0.135 Z

IVRT (msec)

Mean ± SD

64.68 ± 8.35 b,c

72.71 ± 11.81 a

73.88 ± 11.48 a

 < 0.001* F

Lt atrial dimension (cm)

Mean ± SD

3.13 ± 0.10

3.12 ± 0.15

3.10 ± 0.15

0.246 F

LAV max (ml)

Mean ± SD

51.14 ± 5.27 b,c

53.92 ± 8.65 a

54.50 ± 9.27 a

0.015* F

LAVI

Mean ± SD

27.21 ± 2.61 b,c

28.74 ± 4.92 a

29.11 ± 5.05 a

0.010* F

LAV min (ml)

Mean ± SD

26.08 ± 4.53

25.42 ± 5.76

26.81 ± 7.25

0.426 F

LAV pre-A (ml)

Median [IQR] (Range)

37.50 [34.00–40.00] (27.00–51.00)

37.00 [34.00–42.50] (21.00–63.00)

39.50 [32.00–47.00] (29.00–76.00)

0.138 Z

LA EF (Avg) %

Median [IQR] (Range)

49.17 [45.00–54.55] (17.39–64.41)

50.50 [48.50–55.00] (40.00–62.00)

50.50 [47.00–54.00] (41.00–64.00)

0.124 Z

LA EV (Avg) (ml)

Median [IQR] (Range)

29.00 b,c [24.00–31.00] (8.00–38.00)

25.50 a [22.50–27.50] (17.00–42.00)

25.50 a [22.00–28.00] (16.00–34.00)

 < 0.001* Z

Epicardial fat thickness (mm)

Mean ± SD

5.46 ± 2.07 b,c

8.75 ± 2.31 a

8.96 ± 2.34 a

 < 0.001* F