Table 5 Results of LA and LV strain by 2D-STE in the studied groups
|  |  | Controls (n = 142) | Nondiabetic patients (n = 69) | Diabetic patients (n = 73) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LA strain S-R(AVG) | Mean ± SD | 30.88 ± 3.05 b,c | 27.21 ± 3.56 a,c | 25.42 ± 3.44 a,b |  < 0.001* F |
LA strain S-CD (AVG) | Median [IQR] (Range) |  − 17.00 b,c [− 20.00 to − 16.00] (− 24.00 to − 11.00) |  − 14.00 a [− 16.50 to − 13.00] (− 24.00 to − 11.00) |  − 14.00 a [− 15.00 to − 13.00] (− 18.00 to − 8.00) |  < 0.001* Z |
LA S-CT(AVG) | Median [IQR] (Range) |  − 13.00 b,c [− 14.00 to − 12.00] (− 18.00 to − 11.00) |  − 11.00 a [− 13.5 to − 10.50] (− 14.00 to − 14.50) |  − 11.00 a [− 13.00 to − 10.00] (− 14.00 to 15.00) |  < 0.001* Z |
LA stiffness index | Median [IQR] (Range) | 0.29 b,c [0.24 to 0.31] (0.16 to 0.37) | 0.33 a [0.28 to 0.41] (0.19 to 0.51) | 0.38 a [0.31 to 0.43] (0.25 to 0.61) |  < 0.001* Z |
LV GLS | Median [IQR] (Range) |  − 18.75 b,c [− 19.70 to − 18.00] (− 21.20 to − 17.30) |  − 18.15 a [− 19.55 to − 17.50] (− 21.00 to − 14.10) |  − 18.00 a [− 19.00 to − 17.10] (− 26.00 to − 14.80) |  < 0.001* Z |
LA subclinical diastolic dysfunction | Absent | 142 (100.0%) | 66 (95.7%) | 56 (76.7%) | 0.019* X2 # |
Present | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (4.3%) | 17 (23.3%) |