Damasceno A, Mayosi BM, Sani M, Ogah OS, Mondo C, Ojji D, Dzudie A, Kouam CK, Suliman A, Schrueder N, Yonga G, Ba SA, Maru F, Alemayehu B, Edwards C, Davison BA, Cotter G, Sliwa K (2012) The causes, treatment, and outcome of acute heart failure in 1006 Africans from 9 countries. Arch Intern Med 172(18):1386–1394
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Atherton JJ, Hayward CS, Wan Ahmad WA, Kwok B, Jorge J, Hernandez AF, Liang L, Kociol RD, Krum H (2012) Patient characteristics from a regional multicenter database of acute decompensated heart failure in Asia Pacific (ADHERE International-Asia Pacific). J Card Fail 18(1):82–88
Article
Google Scholar
Follath F, Yilmaz MB, Delgado JF, Parissis JT, Porcher R, Gayat E, Burrows N, McLean A, Vilas-Boas F, Mebazaa A (2011) Clinical presentation, management and outcomes in the Acute Heart Failure Global Survey of Standard Treatment (ALARM-HF). Intensive Care Med 37(4):619–626
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Adams KF Jr, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, LeJemtel TH, Costanzo MR, Abraham WT, Berkowitz RL, Galvao M, Horton DP, Committee ASA, Investigators (2005) Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J 149(2):209–216
Article
Google Scholar
Filippatos G, Angermann CE, Cleland JGF, Lam CSP, Dahlstrom U, Dickstein K, Ertl G, Hassanein M, Hart KW, Lindsell CJ, Perrone SV, Guerin T, Ghadanfar M, Schweizer A, Obergfell A, Collins SP (2020) Global differences in characteristics, precipitants, and initial management of patients presenting with acute heart failure. JAMA Cardiol 5(4):401–410
Article
Google Scholar
Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, Mokdad AH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, Salama JS, Vos T, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Ahmed MB, Al-Aly Z, Alkerwi A, Al-Raddadi R, Amare AT, Amberbir A, Amegah AK, Amini E, Amrock SM, Anjana RM, Ärnlöv J, Asayesh H, Banerjee A, Barac A, Baye E, Bennett DA, Beyene AS, Biadgilign S, Biryukov S, Bjertness E, Boneya DJ, Campos-Nonato I, Carrero JJ, Cecilio P, Cercy K, Ciobanu LG, Cornaby L, Damtew SA, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dharmaratne SD, Duncan BB, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Feigin VL, Fernandes JC, Fürst T, Gebrehiwot TT, Gold A, Gona PN, Goto A, Habtewold TD, Hadush KT, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hay SI, Horino M, Islami F, Kamal R, Kasaeian A, Katikireddi SV, Kengne AP, Kesavachandran CN, Khader YS, Khang YH, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kinfu Y, Kosen S, Ku T, Defo BK, Kumar GA, Larson HJ, Leinsalu M, Liang X, Lim SS, Liu P, Lopez AD, Lozano R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGarvey ST, Mengistu DT, Mensah GA, Mensink GBM, Mezgebe HB, Mirrakhimov EM, Mueller UO, Noubiap JJ, Obermeyer CM, Ogbo FA, Owolabi MO, Patton GC, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rai RK, Ranabhat CL, Reinig N, Safiri S, Salomon JA, Sanabria JR, Santos IS, Sartorius B, Sawhney M, Schmidhuber J, Schutte AE, Schmidt MI, Sepanlou SG, Shamsizadeh M, Sheikhbahaei S, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shiue I, Roba HS, Silva DAS, Silverberg JI, Singh JA, Stranges S, Swaminathan S, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadese F, Tedla BA, Tegegne BS, Terkawi AS, Thakur JS, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja KN, Uthman OA, Vaezghasemi M, Vasankari T, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Weiderpass E, Werdecker A, Wesana J, Westerman R, Yano Y, Yonemoto N, Yonga G, Zaidi Z, Zenebe ZM, Zipkin B, Murray CJL (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med 377(1):13–27
Article
Google Scholar
Marcks N, Aimo A, Januzzi JL Jr, Vergaro G, Clerico A, Latini R, Meessen J, Anand IS, Cohn JN, Gravning J, Ueland T, Bayes-Genis A, Lupón J, de Boer RA, Yoshihisa A, Takeishi Y, Egstrup M, Gustafsson I, Gaggin HK, Eggers KM, Huber K, Tentzeris I, Ripoli A, Passino C, Sanders-van Wijk S, Emdin M, Brunner-La Rocca HP (2021) Re-appraisal of the obesity paradox in heart failure: a meta-analysis of individual data. Clin Res Cardiol. 110(8):1280–1291
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Shah R, Gayat E, Januzzi JL Jr, Sato N, Cohen-Solal A, diSomma S, Fairman E, Harjola VP, Ishihara S, Lassus J, Maggioni A, Metra M, Mueller C, Mueller T, Parenica J, Pascual-Figal D, Peacock WF, Spinar J, van Kimmenade R, Mebazaa A (2014) Body mass index and mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure across the world: a global obesity paradox. J Am Coll Cardiol 63(8):778–785
Article
Google Scholar
Khalid U, Ather S, Bavishi C, Chan W, Loehr LR, Wruck LM, Rosamond WD, Chang PP, Coresh J, Virani SS, Nambi V, Bozkurt B, Ballantyne CM, Deswal A (2014) Pre-morbid body mass index and mortality after incident heart failure: the ARIC Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 64(25):2743–2749
Article
Google Scholar
Maggioni AP, Anker SD, Dahlstrom U, Filippatos G, Ponikowski P, Zannad F, Amir O, Chioncel O, Leiro MC, Drozdz J, Erglis A, Fazlibegovic E, Fonseca C, Fruhwald F, Gatzov P, Goncalvesova E, Hassanein M, Hradec J, Kavoliuniene A, Lainscak M, Logeart D, Merkely B, Metra M, Persson H, Seferovic P, Temizhan A, Tousoulis D, Tavazzi L, Heart Failure Association of the ESC (2013) Are hospitalized or ambulatory patients with heart failure treated in accordance with European Society of Cardiology guidelines? Evidence from 12,440 patients of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail 15(10):1173–1184
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hassanein M, Abdelhamid M, Ibrahim B, Elshazly A, Aboleineen MW, Sobhy H, Nasr G, Elmesseiry F, Abdelmoniem A, Ashmawy M, Farag N, Youssef A, Elbahry A, Elrakshy Y, Sobhy M, Khairy Abdel Dayem TM, Ebeid H, Reda A, Boshra H, Saleh A, Maggioni AP (2015) Clinical characteristics and management of hospitalized and ambulatory patients with heart failure-results from ESC heart failure long-term registry-Egyptian cohort. ESC Heart Fail 2(3):159–167
Article
Google Scholar
El-Zanaty F (2015) Egypt Health Issues Survey 2015. In. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR313/FR313.pdf
Mowafi M, Khadr Z, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Hill A, Bennett GG (2014) Socioeconomic status and obesity in Cairo, Egypt: a heavy burden for all. J Epidemiol Glob Health 4(1):13–21
Article
Google Scholar
Aitsi-Selmi A, Chandola T, Friel S, Nouraei R, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG (2012) Interaction between education and household wealth on the risk of obesity in women in Egypt. PLoS ONE 7(6):e39507
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Tackling obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. EMHJ, vol. 25 No. 2 – 2019. webpage: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/327242. Accessed 12 Oct 2021
International Diabetes Federation. 9th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas. Brussels, Belgium. Website www.idf.org. Accessed 12 Oct 2021
Packer M, Lam CSP, Lund LH, Maurer MS, Borlaug BA (2020) Characterization of the inflammatory-metabolic phenotype of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction: a hypothesis to explain influence of sex on the evolution and potential treatment of the disease. Eur J Heart Fail 22(9):1551–1567
Article
Google Scholar
Kalogeropoulos A, Georgiopoulou V, Psaty BM, Rodondi N, Smith AL, Harrison DG, Liu Y, Hoffmann U, Bauer DC, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Harris TB, Butler J, Health ABCSI (2010) Inflammatory markers and incident heart failure risk in older adults: the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 55(19):2129–2137
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Egypt STEPS Survey 2017. Website: https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/Egypt_STEPS_Survey_2017_Fact_Sheet.pdf. Accessed 14 Oct 2021
Jia G, Aroor AR, Hill MA, Sowers JR (2018) Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation in promoting cardiovascular fibrosis and stiffness. Hypertension 72(3):537–548
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Groenveld HF, Januzzi JL, Damman K, van Wijngaarden J, Hillege HL, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Meer P (2008) Anemia and mortality in heart failure patients a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(10):818–827
Article
Google Scholar
Bogers RP, Bemelmans WJ, Hoogenveen RT, Boshuizen HC, Woodward M, Knekt P, van Dam RM, Hu FB, Visscher TL, Menotti A, Thorpe RJ Jr, Jamrozik K, Calling S, Strand BH, Shipley MJ, Investigators B-CC (2007) Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than 300 000 persons. Arch Intern Med 167(16):1720–1728
Article
Google Scholar
Tedrow UB, Conen D, Ridker PM, Cook NR, Koplan BA, Manson JE, Buring JE, Albert CM (2010) The long- and short-term impact of elevated body mass index on the risk of new atrial fibrillation the WHS (women’s health study). J Am Coll Cardiol 55(21):2319–2327
Article
Google Scholar
Wang TJ, Parise H, Levy D, D’Agostino RB Sr, Wolf PA, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ (2004) Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA 292(20):2471–2477
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kenchaiah S, Evans JC, Levy D, Wilson PW, Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Vasan RS (2002) Obesity and the risk of heart failure. N Engl J Med 347(5):305–313
Article
Google Scholar
Rozenbaum Z, Topilsky Y, Khoury S, Pereg D, Laufer-Perl M (2019) Association of body mass index and diastolic function in metabolically healthy obese with preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 277:147–152
Article
Google Scholar
Haass M, Kitzman DW, Anand IS, Miller A, Zile MR, Massie BM, Carson PE (2011) Body mass index and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction: results from the Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (I-PRESERVE) trial. Circ Heart Fail 4(3):324–331
Article
Google Scholar
Eaton CB, Pettinger M, Rossouw J, Martin LW, Foraker R, Quddus A, Liu S, Wampler NS, Hank Wu WC, Manson JE, Margolis K, Johnson KC, Allison M, Corbie-Smith G, Rosamond W, Breathett K, Klein L (2016) Risk factors for incident hospitalized heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction in a multiracial cohort of postmenopausal women. Circ Heart Fail. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002883
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Packer M (2018) Leptin-aldosterone-neprilysin axis: identification of its distinctive role in the pathogenesis of the three phenotypes of heart failure in people with obesity. Circulation 137(15):1614–1631
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Oreopoulos A, Padwal R, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Fonarow GC, Norris CM, McAlister FA (2008) Body mass index and mortality in heart failure: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J 156(1):13–22
Article
Google Scholar
Tsujimoto T, Kajio H (2017) Abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with HFpEF. J Am Coll Cardiol 70(22):2739–2749
Article
Google Scholar
McAuley PA, Keteyian SJ, Brawner CA, Dardari ZA, Al Rifai M, Ehrman JK, Al-Mallah MH, Whelton SP, Blaha MJ (2018) Exercise capacity and the obesity paradox in heart failure: the FIT (henry ford exercise testing) project. Mayo Clin Proc 93(6):701–708
Article
Google Scholar
Niebauer J, Volk HD, Kemp M, Dominguez M, Schumann RR, Rauchhaus M, Poole-Wilson PA, Coats AJ, Anker SD (1999) Endotoxin and immune activation in chronic heart failure: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 353(9167):1838–1842
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Bohm M, Dickstein K, Falk V, Filippatos G, Fonseca C, Gomez-Sanchez MA, Jaarsma T, Kober L, Lip GY, Maggioni AP, Parkhomenko A, Pieske BM, Popescu BA, Ronnevik PK, Rutten FH, Schwitter J, Seferovic P, Stepinska J, Trindade PT, Voors AA, Zannad F, Zeiher A, Task Force for the D, Treatment of A, Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of C, Bax JJ, Baumgartner H, Ceconi C, Dean V, Deaton C, Fagard R, Funck-Brentano C, Hasdai D, Hoes A, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, McDonagh T, Moulin C, Popescu BA, Reiner Z, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Vahanian A, Windecker S, McDonagh T, Sechtem U, Bonet LA, Avraamides P, Ben Lamin HA, Brignole M, Coca A, Cowburn P, Dargie H, Elliott P, Flachskampf FA, Guida GF, Hardman S, Iung B, Merkely B, Mueller C, Nanas JN, Nielsen OW, Orn S, Parissis JT, Ponikowski P, Guidelines ESCCfP (2012) ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 14(8):803–869.
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Geraci SA, Horwich T, Januzzi JL, Johnson MR, Kasper EK, Levy WC, Masoudi FA, McBride PE, McMurray JJ, Mitchell JE, Peterson PN, Riegel B, Sam F, Stevenson LW, Tang WH, Tsai EJ, Wilkoff BL (2013) 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation 128(16):1810–1852
Article
Google Scholar